Browsing by Subject "cold hardiness"

Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) is a woody plant in cold regions and it adapts well for the Finland’s boreal zone. There were less than 600 companies farming blackcurrant and green currant in 2014 and the acreage was 1449 ha and the level of yield was over 1000 kg/ha. In year 2016, the number of companies were 544 and the acreage was 1435 ha and the level of yield less than 1000 kg/ha. There has been a pressure to reduce the high price of domestic blackcurrant, due to that the inexpensive imported berries have been taken more position in industry. The global warming can be a serious threat for the cultivation of blackcurrant in the future. There is a need for new cultivars of blackcurrant in Finland and the objective of this research was to examine the depth and reversal of on dormancy on various points of time and the resilience of winter. For the results the bud burst was monitored in quantity and temporal on forcing. The processing of release of dormancy in various temperatures and light conditions before the forcing was also included to the research. The cold hardiness was tested in temperatures, which was descending step by step in controlled sub-zero experiment. The results demonstrated that the bud burst was the lowest during the deepest dormancy in OctoberNovember and the largest in February, when the dormancy was already released. ‘Almiai’ and ‘Gagatai’ were the best cultivars, which were able to maintain the dormancy; in first forcing in October, bud burst 0 %. The bud burst was particularly substantial in February and ‘Ben Tron’ the bud burst was even 80 %. In October-November the time elapsed for bud burst was highest and least was in February with average of 10 days. The most optimal temperature in dormancy release was 0 ⁰C. On the cultivar ‘Mikael’ the bud burst was quicken in +18 ⁰C . The longer the processing time was, the shorter was the time for bud burst. The temperatures +12 ⁰C and +18⁰C were too high for dormancy release. In cold hardiness, the cultivars didn’t differ much from each other. The results demonstrate that the cultivars differ from each other in the depth of dormancy and release. ‘Almiai’ and ‘Gagatai’ maintained best their dormancy. These cultivars could be suitable options for farming in Finland. They were also winter hardiness. In the future, there should be breeding of blackcurrant cultivars, which adjust different kind of environments. Additionally, we should discover and breed cultivars, which have good resistant for winter and maintain dormancy, even though the temperatures are varying in winter.