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Browsing by Subject "hygiene"

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  • Evaluating the impacts of two outdoor management systems on the lying behavior, locomotion, hygiene, and injuries of lactating dairy cows 
    Lammi, Marikki (2023)
    Herd sizes have grown in Europe which has decreased pasture access. Farmers see pasture as hard to implement, but there are alternative ways to provide outdoor access. Pasture access has many benefits for dairy cows welfare and some benefits can be achieved with alternative outdoor areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two outdoor management systems on the lying behavior, injuries, hygiene, and locomotion of lactating dairy cows. This study was conducted at the University of Helsinki Viikki research freestall barn with adjacent pastureland in Finland. The experimental model was 3 x 3 Latin square within 21-day periods. Twenty-seven primi- and multiparous Nordic red cows was divided into 9 squares based on parity, milk production and locomotion score. Cows were assigned to the treatments which were: 1) partial outdoor access with grazeable forage (pasture), 2) partial outdoor access with no grazeable forages (outdoor paddock), and 3) indoor confinement (control). Cows spent more time standing than lying on pasture and paddock. Cows spent 32% of their time lying on paddock and 40% lying on pasture. There was no difference on locomotion or injuries among treatments. However, hock injuries occurred more than knee injuries. There was no difference between hygiene among treatments. However, flank hygiene tended to be dirtiest when housed indoor. According to this study there are no difference on cows hock and knee injuries and locomotion whether cows are housed in free stall with part-time access to pasture or paddock. This study indicates that cows with part-time access to pasture or outdoor paddock does not improve a suitable indoor environment. Further research on whether longer exposure to each treatment would have an effect is needed.
  • La Maison : Bridging Togolese and European ontologies and epistemologies 
    Sinicato, Alice (2020)
    The present thesis consists of an ethnographic study of the encounter between an NGO and the local practices and epistemologies where it operates. Specifically, the thesis provides insights to what extent the NGO La Maison sans frontières takes into consideration the local practices, traditions, knowledge, and overall ecology of the community of Kuma Tsamé Totsi, in Togo. The study mainly focuses on three aspects that emerged during the research: time, hygiene, and upbringing practices, highlighting both incongruences and meeting points between the goals and operations of the NGO and the local ontologies and epistemologies. Given that the local community and the NGO enter in dialogue and develop new practices together, this thesis adopts the metaphor of ‘bridge’ for the NGO, indicating to what extent the local practices have agency on its operation and vice versa. Overall, the meeting of these different realities seems to be permeated by acceptance and understanding, creating a unique practical and organizational system. The encounter between La Maison sans frontières and this Togolese community seems to have created a middle ground between different cultures, where peoples together strive to bridge the gap in cultural diversity. The research study relies on qualitative methodology, comprising fieldwork and structured and semi-structured interviews. Fieldnotes in the form of written texts, photographs and videos have been taken during fieldwork and analysed through a qualitative data analysis software.

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