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Browsing by Subject "hyperbilirubinemia"

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  • Aivojen sivukammioiden koko ja yhteys kognitiiviseen suoriutumiseen syntymässään riskiryhmiin kuuluneilla aikuisilla 
    Nykänen, Irina (2017)
    Objectives: Lateral ventricles (LVs) of the brain enlarge with age, and their size is also affected by e.g. shrinking of the brain as well as some perinatal risks. In adults, large size of LVs is assumed to indicate brain atrophy and it has been noticed to correlate with poorer cognitive performance especially in elderly. In the present study, the size of LVs and cognitive performance is studied in Finnish adults with perinatal risks. The focus of interest is in whether LVs are larger in those with perinatal risks compared to controls, whether there is a relationship between the size of LVs and cognitive performance, and if it is possible to estimate cognitive performance using the relative size of LVs. Methods: The present study is part of a larger longitudinal birth cohort research project examining children with perinatal risk factors. The present sample (n = 313) consists of those 39-45-year-old individuals who participated in the latest follow up study. Some of them were controls and some belonged to one of following perinatal risk groups: low birth weight (LBW), asphyxia or hyperbilirubinemia. LVs size variables (cm3) and VCR (ventricle to cranial ratio) were calculated from participants' MRI data using VolBrain software. Cognitive performance was measured using the scores of neuropsychological tests. Results and conclusions: According to the results, VCR of those in LBW group was larger compared to controls. In hyperbilirubinemia group both VCR and left LV were indicatively larger compared to controls. Nevertheless, overall differences in means were small. There were moderate correlations at most between the LV size variables and cognitive performance mainly in asphyxia and hyperbilirubinemia groups. Correlations indicated that there were association between larger LVs and poorer cognitive performance although exceptions were also found. Cognitive performance could be estimated using VCR only in two of seven examined variables in whole risk group. Present study offers preliminary results about the the size of LVs and its association to cognitive performance in groups with perinatal risks, which haven't been studied before. Based on the results it is possible to start formulating more focused questions e.g. about the neurocognitive aging or reasons behind larger LVs in perinatal risk groups. The answers to these questions could be found using longitudinal study designs.
  • Effects of low birth weight and perinatal hyperbilirubinemia on interference control in adulthood 
    Kaisto, Soila (2020)
    Objectives. This study examines the effects of low birth weight (LBW) and perinatal hyperbilirubinemia (HB) on interference control in adulthood. The study questions are whether LBW and HB are associated with interference control difficulties in adulthood, and whether increasing cognitive load affects the association. Based on previous research on perinatal risk factors and executive functioning, the hypotheses were that individuals with LBW and HB would show a greater change in reaction times from congruent to incongruent stimuli in the Flanker task than controls and that adding a dual-task would slow the performance more in the risk groups than in controls. Methods. The participants (N = 274) in this study were collected from a large longitudinal cohort study of Finnish children with perinatal risk factors and their healthy peers. Those with purely one perinatal risk factor (LBW or HB) and completion of the Flanker task at the 40-year neuropsychological assessment were included in this study. The controls (N = 78) had completed the Flanker task but had no perinatal risk factors. The repeated measures of analyses of variances was used to examine the relationship between risk groups and the Flanker task. Results and conclusions. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in the changes in reaction times from congruent to incongruent stimuli in the Flanker task. However, the LBW group performed overall slower compared to controls. In Dual Flanker task, LBW group’s performance was poorer compared to controls, especially in reaction times to incongruent stimuli, indicating difficulties in cognitive flexibility. In Dual Flanker task, the difference in reaction times from congruent to incongruent stimuli decreased in all groups. There were no differences between HB group and control group. All differences became nonsignificant when general intelligence (FSIQ) was considered. This could be due to the fact that performance in both FSIQ and Flanker task require cognitive flexibility and speed.

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