Browsing by Subject "in situ"
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(University of HelsinkiHelsingin yliopistoHelsingfors universitet, 2003)Stamceller definieras ofta enligt det organ de befinner sig i. Det antas att stamceller från ett visst organ kan ge upphov till alla celler av detta organ och bara till dessa celler. Därför har färska forskningar väckt uppmärksamhet då de påvisat att stamceller kan välja otypiska specialiceringslinjer. Experiment har utförts på bestrålade djur. Det har varit oklart vilken betydelse donatorns stamceller har på mottagarens tillväxt i fysiologiska tillstånd. I denna studie har vi använt kimeriska tvillingkalvar i vilkas nonhematopoetiska vävnader donatorns stamceller har spårats. Med tvillingar av olika kön resulterar placentala anastomoser i tidig embryonal utveckling, i en kimerisk, steril kokalv som kallas freemartin. Med hjälp av Y-kromosom riktad in situ hybridisering kan vi spåra donatorns, tjurkalvens celler i mottagarens, freemartin-kalvens vävnader i deras naturliga omgivning. Hematopoetiska celler spårades med att identifiera deras CD45 yt-antigen och kunde därmed, i kombination med in situ hybridiseringen ekskluderas. Vi har hittat nonhematopoetiska celler härstammande från donatorn i vävnader vars ursprung är långt från varandra, så som entodermet och nerv stängen. Nonhematopoetiska celler som härstammar från donatorn var fåtaliga och de var sporadiskt utspridda i vävnaderna. Detta föreslår att de har ringa betydelse i det fysiologiska uppehållet och i utvecklingen av nötkreaturens vävnader.
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(2021)A NW–SE trending dike swarm cuts Miocene volcanic rocks in the Ibex Hills and Precambrian to Cambrian cratonic rocks and sedimentary strata in the Saddlepeak Hills and Salt Spring Hills in southern Death Valley, California. These dikes are aligned with Jurassic and Cretaceous dike swarms of eastern California that are linked to the Mesozoic North American Cordilleran magmatism. The Ibex Hills dikes have been previously dated and yield K-Ar date of 12.7 Ma and are coeval with the early stage of the Miocene Basin and Range crustal extension in Death Valley. This Master’s thesis examines in detail the geology, petrography and geochemistry of the previously unstudied dikes of Ibex Hills, Saddlepeak Hills and Salt Spring Hills of southern Death Valley and a ~90 Ma dike of Mojave Desert to discuss (1) their petrogenetic link to each other and (2) their geologic significance. The samples and field observations were obtained in 2019. The Ibex Hills samples are relatively fresh compared to the dikes of Saddlepeak Hills and Salt Spring Hills which are pervasively altered by secondary minerals and have been subject to low-grade metamorphism. The sub-solidus processes that have modified the mineral assemblages of the metamorphic dikes are also reflected in various degrees of major element mobility and LOI. The whole-rock geochemical composition of the Ibex Hills and Mojave Desert samples is trachyandesite to trachyte, the Saddlepeak Hills and Salt Spring Hills samples are andesites. One Saddlepeak Hills sample is basaltic and, based on mineralogy, texture and composition, represents a 1.1 Ga diabase intrusion. All studied samples are enriched in LREEs and LILEs and have negative Ta-Nb anomaly, representing magmas with typical subduction zone characteristics with enriched lithospheric mantle component in source. EPMA and in situ LA-MC-ICP-MS analysis of plagioclase phenocrysts of two Miocene samples of Ibex Hills shows variation in anorthite content and 87Sr/86Sr ratios across phenocryst profiles indicating open-system magma chamber evolution with episodes of recharge, hybridization and assimilation during the crystallization. Variation in anorthite content and 87Sr/86Sr ratios between samples suggest heterogeneities in the source magmas. The studied dikes represent multiple episodes of dike emplacements in southern Death Valley. The Miocene dikes of Ibex Hills, coeval with the Basin and Range crustal extension, indicate an early period of southwest directed extension in the southern Death Valley. The metamorphosed dikes of Saddlepeak Hills and Salt Spring Hills represent one or more episodes of older dike emplacement and could be coeval with the Mesozoic magmatism of North American Cordilleran orogeny and the Cretaceous dike of Mojave Desert. However, geochronological analysis is needed to verify the exact ages of these dikes.
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