Browsing by Subject "nuorisorikollinen"
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(2017)Objectives. School exclusion increases the likelihood of many negative outcomes, such as continuity of antisocial behavior and criminal activity along with poor academic and occupational outcomes. However, prior studies have not considered the psychological influences of school exclusion. The aim of this study was to examine how school exclusion is associated with psychological development among adolescent offenders. In addition, the study examined the permanence of the relationship also after a 3-years follow-up period. Methods. The participants in this study were drawn from an American longitudinal study, The Pathways to Desistance, where 1354 adolescent offenders from the court systems in Arizona and Pennsylvania were followed for a period of seven years. Baseline interviews were completed between the years 2000–2003, when participants were 14–20 years old. Participants were divided into two study groups: to adolescents who had been excluded from school and to adolescents who had not. By using linear regression analysis these groups were examined regarding their psychological development (psychosocial maturity, resistance to peer influence and socioemotional development). The relationships between school exclusion and psychological development were examined both in the time of baseline interviews and after 3-years from the baseline interviews. Results and conclusions. According to the results, school exclusion was associated with poor socioemotional development among adolescents both in the time of the baseline interviews and after the 3-years follow-up period. School exclusion was also associated with poor psychological maturity but only after the 3-years follow-up period. Instead, school exclusion was not associated with resistance to peer influence at either of the two time points. The results regarding psychosocial maturity and socioemotional development support prior findings of school exclusion not be an effective way to intervene with problem behavior among adolescents. In addition, the results of this study offer new information about the psychological influences of school exclusion. The results also emphasize the importance of school bonding and positive school attendance for adolescent's psychological development. It appears that school exclusion acts as a factor that accumulates problems and risk factors, thus making the desistance process even more difficult.
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(2016)Objectives. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of family and peer relations on the incidence of substance use disorders in juvenile offenders. The studies so far have mainly focused on the associations between adolescents' social relations and early substance experimentation and amount of substance use but there are only few studies that have examined the social aspects of adolescents with substance use disorders. This study aimed to find out whether the social aspects that studies have found to be associated with substance use also come up in the sample of juvenile offenders with substance use disorders, and if there were factors that protect from substance use disorders. Methods. The participants in this study were drawn from an American study, The Pathways to Desistance. The 1354 participants were enrolled into the study between November 2000 and January 2003 from the juvenile and adult court systems in Mericopa County and Philadelphia County. The participants were between 14 and 18 years old at the time of their committing offense. The 1302 participants that had answered the questionnaires regarding substance use disorders were included in this study. The participants were divided into two groups: adolescents that had had substance use disorders and to adolescents that had never had substance use disorders. The groups were compared by factors relating to family and peer relations cross-sectionally with logistic regression analysis. Results and conclusions. According to the results, maternal hostility, parents' drug problems and antisocial behavior and influence of the peers were associated with the group of substance use disorders. Factors that protect from substance use disorders were high paternal warmth, parental knowledge and parental monitoring. These results support the earlier findings of the importance of social relations in adolescents' substance use and also raise hypotheses of possible factors influencing the development of substance use disorders. It is highly important to be aware of the risk factors influencing young adolescents' substance use so that it is possible to create early interventions and prevent future problems.
Now showing items 1-2 of 2