Browsing by Subject "private sector"
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(2023)The study examines factors impacting the resilience process amongst youth growing up in an SOS- Children's village in Madagascar. The study uses the framework of the life-course approach to theorize and link exposures across the life course to possible future pathways and trajectories for the informants. It has involved the investigation of factors across life, geographical location, and social context. The study is an ethnographic study that has applied a mixed method design containing material from participatory observations, and life-narrative interviews. The research results involve factors from three dimensions, that of the informants' individual life, family life, and community life. The overall experience of overcoming hardship and the gratitude openly acknowledged by the informants for being a care-receiver is connected to geographical location and the Malagasy circumstances of being a society in deep poverty. In line with previous research findings, the youth take advantage of being in care to prepare themselves for the future. The ability to acknowledge the positive turn their life took is however strongly connected to the age of admission and is also context-based to be a receiver of SOS-Care. This might somewhat overshadow the youths' self-reliance on their own abilities to successfully transcend through the upcoming life stages. Nevertheless, personal attributes were found to also play a significant role regarding the outlook on the SOS's role in overcoming hardship, which may impact the resilience to transcend beyond SOS care into adulthood. Access to education also helps boost agency and self-reliance for the care receivers. The youth shape their identities in plural contexts which both challenges and supports the process of obtaining resilience. The SOS village has been found to have stable staff patterns which support the youth's development, however, due to the high number of youth placements per caregiver the youth may be at risk of being exposed to structural neglect. Further recommendations for SOS-care providers include the need to support wider cultural socialization for the youth during care. As well as to identify the type of interventions needed and the most appropriate time across the youths' life to intervene. This especially concerns the transition from the SOS village and for it to not only be determined by academic advancements but by when the youth feel ready in other aspects of life.
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(2011)This thesis discusses the general theory and logics behind private sector development (PSD). Private sector development is a current theme in development policy. It is increasingly emphasized by donor countries and multilateral development agencies. In addition, solutions offered by the business sector for poverty reduction are popular topics for a growing amount of publications and discussion. This thesis also discusses how private sector development is emphasized in Nordic development policy by going through the private sector development strategies, related publications and discussion in the Nordic countries: in Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland. All Nordic countries emphasize the importance of private sector development in their development policy. However, due to different backgrounds some countries are ahead others in formulating their views and developing new private sector development initiatives. Among the Nordic countries Denmark and Sweden have incorporated some of the most recent ideas to their private sector development approach. As a specific example of private sector development initiatives this thesis looks at one of the business instruments for private sector development more in detail, the business partnership programmes. The intention is to look at the history, composition and results of Swedens Swedpartnership programme, Denmarks Business-to-Business Programme (B2B), Norways Business Matchmaking Programme (BMMP) and Finlands Finnpartnership programme. The business partnership programmes are a particularly interesting example of private sector development initiatives due to their aims to reduce poverty, enhance economic growth and strengthen the private sector in developing countries. At the same time they include a considerable amount of donor country business involvement. Materia! on the business partnership programmes is limited to general guiding material and evaluations mostly done on the programmes preceding the current programmes. Therefore it is difficult to draw precise conclusions on the current business partnership programmes. However, some general trends and comparative analysis can be presented. The Nordic business partnership programmes share a considerable amount of similarities. They have functioned for a long time, often in different forms. Their dual goal of drawing in domestic companies to invest in developing countries and to reduce poverty can be a challenging combination. The geographical focus area of the programmes is often extensive and only the Danish and Norwegian programmes have a clearly defined set of target countries. If the choice of programme countries is extensive, most programme support can naturally direct towards countries which are already popular destinations of foreign direct investment. Ultimately the share of the business partnership programmes is small when compared to the overall development cooperation budgets of the Nordic countries. Evaluations done on the programmes preceding the current business partnership programmes suggest that the programmes tend to have a narrow scope regarding private sector development and weak ability to spread further development effects. The evaluations often highlight the importance of support towards the enabling environment for private sector development. Other key issues arising from the Nordic programmes are for example the importance of partnerships, their sustainability and the importance of a thorough assessment and evaluation of the development effects of the programmes. It is concluded that despite the current emphasis on private sector development in development cooperation all development cooperation is important. Private sector development has an important role in this, with some of the most significant work being done at the international and macro levels. The work being done in the micro level, such as the business partnership programmes, can perhaps only have limited impact when viewed from the larger context of overall private sector development and economic growth. However, they can be viewed as part of a larger variety of private sector development activities.
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