Browsing by Subject "syanobakteerit"

Cyanobacteria, also referred as blue-green algae, are abundant everywhere on earth inhabi-ting terrestrial and marine environments and living in symbiosis with several other organisms. Cyanobacteria were the first oxygenic photosynthetic organisms on earth and many species are also capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen which makes them important primary produ-cers in many ecosystems. Cyanobacteria are nevertheless best known for producing toxic compounds. Cyanobacteria produce a variety of bioactive compounds including toxic ones. Some of these compounds have a potential as drugs. Most of these compounds are produ-ced by nonribosomal peptide synthetases and polyketide synthases. Nostoc sp. CENA543 is a cyanobacteria isolated from Brazilian wetland Pantanal. The strain was found to produce hepatptoxic nodularin, bioactive anabaenopeptins and a pre-viously unkown peptide. In this work the chemical structure and the biosynthetic gene cluster of the unkown peptide were characterized. Amount of produced nodularin was measured and biosynthetic genes of nodularin and anabaenopeptins were examined. Also the optimal growth conditions for the strain were studied. Essential methods applied in this work were liquid cromatography and mass spectromet-ry. To examine the biosynthetic genes DNA extraction methods and bioinformatic tools such as AntiSMASH, BLAST, Artemis and BioEdit were applied. The growth conditions were in-vestigated on different growth media. Bioactivity of the compounds were examined on disc diffusion assays and with the Kawabata method for enzyme activity. The results of this study show that Nostoc sp. CENA543 produces toxic amounts of no-dularin. The novel peptide group was named pseudospumigins. Six variants of pseudospu-migins were observed, the main variant being pseudospumigin A. Amino acid sequence of pseudospumigin A is Hpla-D-Hty-L-Ile-Argininal with mass of 612,4 Da. Gene clusters of nodularin and anabaenopeptin match corresponding genes of Nodularia spuimigena CCY9414. The biosynthetic genes of pseudospumigin have high resemblance to spumigin genecluster of Nodularia spuimigena CCY9414. Change in adenylation domain substrate specificity and deletion of three additional genes would axplain the difference between pseu-dospumigins and spumigins.