Browsing by Subject "http://www.yso.fi/onto/yso/p11617"
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(2015)Objectives: This thesis examined the relationship between disordered gambling (DG) with mental health, loneliness, perceived general health, risky alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking and computer gaming frequency by age and gender among adolescents and emerging adults. Gambling types were also examined for their association to DG, mental health, loneliness, perceived health, risky alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking. DG is conceptualized as a behavioural addiction, and its development is influenced by the availability of gambling opportunities, prevalence of other addictive behaviours, and psychological well-being. Previous studies have indicated that specific types of gambling are more strongly associated to DG that others. The purpose of the present study was to identify the strength of the various risk factors of disordered gambling, examine whether specific risk factors are associated to certain gambling types and if there are age and gender related differences in regards to the associations between disordered gambling and its risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional population based random sample (n = 822, 49.3 % female) of individuals aged 15 to 28 from the self-reported Finnish Gambling Survey 2011 was utilized. DG was assessed with the Problem Gambling Severity Index, such that a score of 2 or more indicated DG. Mental health was measured with the five item Mental Health Inventory and risky alcohol consumption was assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test -Consumption. The remainder of examined variables were assessed with single Likert-scaled items. The correlates of DG and gambling types were examined with logistic regression models. Results and conclusions: Male gender, risky alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, and frequently feeling lonely were significantly associated to DG. Slot machine gambling, online gambling other than poker, private betting, and casino betting were strongly associated to DG. The aforementioned gambling types were strongly associated to risky alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking along with sports betting. Feeling lonely was associated to online poker, casino betting and private betting. There were indications of gender differences in regards to the gambling types associated to feeling lonely. Risky alcohol consumption seemed to be a stronger risk factor for DG among males, and tobacco smoking stronger among females. Current findings warrant further investigation of DG in regards to loneliness, and reconsideration of national gambling policies.
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(2015)The aim of this study was to interpret and describe the social networks of ninthgraders on school in Helsinki and analyze the possible effect of gender, language, and school class to the structure of the networks. The research questions were as follows: 1. How the social networks of the ninthgraders were formed? 1.1 How uniform and dense were the groups in the network? 1.2. Were there any central pupils in the network and what were the values of centrality of pupils? 1.3. Were there any groups that communicated with some other language than Finnish? 1.4. What was the effect of gender for the network? 1.5. Did the school class of the pupils have effect on the network? 2. How did the pupils explain their choices of friends or the formation of the group? The hypothesis, based on teachers' descriptions, was that there were groups among the network that operated separately from each other. 41 ninthgraders of one particular school participated in the study. The data was gathered with a questionnaire 14.3.2014 and also by interviewing six pupils in May 2014. The social network analysis programme UCINET-6 was used to explore the ninthgraders' social networks and the interviews were analyzed by using qualitative content analysis. The results indicated that the pupils' social networks were divided in three separate groups and the network was neither united nor dense. Gender had a clear effect on the network. The pupils communicated mainly in Finnish. The school class of the pupils also had a significant effect on with whom the pupils spent time with at school. Pupils explained their choices of friends by same hobby, similarity, knowing each other for a long period of time, same school class, trusting one another, understanding one another and sense of humor. The same explanations were given related to the formation of the group, but also gender and the language of communication had an effect on it.
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(2023)Aims. Research has shown that self-esteem predicts success and well-being in important areas of life, such as relationships, work, and health. Thus, it is important to study self-esteem, its development and the factors that influence its development. Parents have a major influence on adolescents’ self-esteem and good relationships between adolescents and parents have been found to be associated with adolescents’ higher self-esteem. Only little research has been done on the association of the adolescent-parent relationship with a person's self-esteem in middle age. The first aim of this study was to investigate whether the adolescent-parent relationship is associated with self-esteem at age 16. The second aim was to find out how the quality of the adolescent-parent relationship predicts the self-esteem of the subjects at age of 52, considering the level of self-esteem in adolescence. Methods. The data is part of the Stress, Development and Mental Health (TAM) research project of the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. The data has been collected when the respondents were 16, 22, 32, 42 and 52 years old. In this study, data collected in 1983 and 2019 were used when the subjects were 16 (N=2194) and 52 (N=1160) years old. The variables used in the analyses were conflict proneness, closeness and trust, and self-esteem. Research questions about the associations between adolescent-parent relationships and self-esteem at age 16 and 52 were answered using stepwise linear regression analysis. Results and Conclusions. The study found that the adolescent-parent relationship was associated with self-esteem in adolescence (at age 16) and predicted self-esteem in middle age (at age 52), when the level of self-esteem in adolescence was considered. From the aspects of the adolescent-parent relationship, it stood out that girls showed a stronger association of conflict proneness with lower self-esteem and boys showed a stronger association of parental trust with higher self-esteem and a stronger association of conflict proneness with lower self-esteem. In middle age, women showed a stronger association of closeness in the adolescent-parent relationship with higher self-esteem, while men showed a stronger association of parental trust with higher self-esteem. The results suggest that a good adolescent-parent relationship is associated with good self-esteem in adolescence, but also with higher self-esteem development to middle age. A key factor behind good adolescent-parent relationships is effective and trusting communication - this could also be a potential area for development in interventions.
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(2023)Aims. Research has shown that self-esteem predicts success and well-being in important areas of life, such as relationships, work, and health. Thus, it is important to study self-esteem, its development and the factors that influence its development. Parents have a major influence on adolescents’ self-esteem and good relationships between adolescents and parents have been found to be associated with adolescents’ higher self-esteem. Only little research has been done on the association of the adolescent-parent relationship with a person's self-esteem in middle age. The first aim of this study was to investigate whether the adolescent-parent relationship is associated with self-esteem at age 16. The second aim was to find out how the quality of the adolescent-parent relationship predicts the self-esteem of the subjects at age of 52, considering the level of self-esteem in adolescence. Methods. The data is part of the Stress, Development and Mental Health (TAM) research project of the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. The data has been collected when the respondents were 16, 22, 32, 42 and 52 years old. In this study, data collected in 1983 and 2019 were used when the subjects were 16 (N=2194) and 52 (N=1160) years old. The variables used in the analyses were conflict proneness, closeness and trust, and self-esteem. Research questions about the associations between adolescent-parent relationships and self-esteem at age 16 and 52 were answered using stepwise linear regression analysis. Results and Conclusions. The study found that the adolescent-parent relationship was associated with self-esteem in adolescence (at age 16) and predicted self-esteem in middle age (at age 52), when the level of self-esteem in adolescence was considered. From the aspects of the adolescent-parent relationship, it stood out that girls showed a stronger association of conflict proneness with lower self-esteem and boys showed a stronger association of parental trust with higher self-esteem and a stronger association of conflict proneness with lower self-esteem. In middle age, women showed a stronger association of closeness in the adolescent-parent relationship with higher self-esteem, while men showed a stronger association of parental trust with higher self-esteem. The results suggest that a good adolescent-parent relationship is associated with good self-esteem in adolescence, but also with higher self-esteem development to middle age. A key factor behind good adolescent-parent relationships is effective and trusting communication - this could also be a potential area for development in interventions.
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(2017)The aim of this thesis is to study the way young adults talk about smartphones and social media as a part of social interaction within the theoretical framework of cultural studies and social psychology. The point of reading way is based on social constructive discourse combined with the concepts of social interaction, social identity and discursive experience. Even though the young adults' use of smartphones has been previously studied, the views of the users themselves have been neglected along with the ways how using smartphones affect social interaction. Seven people aged between 18 and 23 were interviewed for this thesis. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. A discourse analysis was made of the transcriptions by using a method based on social constructionism. The goal was to find the underlying structures which either enable individuals to think about sociability in a certain way or prevent them from doing so. The social lives of young adults, of which smartphones are an integral part, are shaped by many factors. In order to belong to a certain social group, a young adult must embrace the norms, conventions, and habits shared by the other members of the group. While doing so, they keep reaffirming the social protocols of their group. Any deviations are remarked upon and the fear of becoming an outcast for breaking the rules is real. Using social media with smartphones enables social interaction over long distances, but at the same time it might make being fully present in the here and now more complicated. A young adult is no longer present here, but everywhere.
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