Browsing by Author "Paavola, Tiina"

The aim of the study is to analyze and describe the expression of a student's basic emotions through nonverbal communication in a craft lesson. Teaching and learning situations have generally been viewed from the teacher’s perspective, where gestures complement or replace nonverbal communication. Previous research has shown that teacher-student interaction is both social and embodied interaction with materials and tools that happens through figurative gestures. The craft process is approached with the help of three research questions: 1. With what gestures, expressions, body postures and movements does the student express basic emotions in a craft lesson? 2. What kind of clusters of nonverbal communication occur in a craft lesson when expressing emotions? 3. What kind of emotions occur during the craft process? The research data was video recordings collected as part of the Co4Lab research project. In the video, a small team of four students from elementary school worked on a smart product project. The video recording was approximately 11 hours and was encoded with ELAN software and analyzed by content analysis methods based on the striped process rugs technique. For the final research material, 28 individual relevant emotional expressions were selected, which were viewed as individual gestures and movements, and as complete clusters of gestures. Finally, emotions were analyzed as part of the craft process. Emotions were expressed through movements of the whole body as well as variations in the position of the upper body, chest, and shoulders. Expression of emotions was also reflected in movements of the head, hands, and fingers, as well as facial expressions. The ideation of the craft process was reflected in gestures of joy. The discussion about manufacturing and material experimentation caused emotions of anger, frustration and confusion. Making and evaluating digital experiments caused sadness, anger, and joy. Model making was reflected as gestures of joy. The making of the presentation material caused emotion of anger, but the making of the final product was reflected as gestures of joy. It would be good for the teacher to pay attention to emotional expressions so that he/she can better understand the craft process from the student’s perspective and motivate and guide the student.