Browsing by Subject "päihteiden käyttö"
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(2016)Objectives. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of family and peer relations on the incidence of substance use disorders in juvenile offenders. The studies so far have mainly focused on the associations between adolescents' social relations and early substance experimentation and amount of substance use but there are only few studies that have examined the social aspects of adolescents with substance use disorders. This study aimed to find out whether the social aspects that studies have found to be associated with substance use also come up in the sample of juvenile offenders with substance use disorders, and if there were factors that protect from substance use disorders. Methods. The participants in this study were drawn from an American study, The Pathways to Desistance. The 1354 participants were enrolled into the study between November 2000 and January 2003 from the juvenile and adult court systems in Mericopa County and Philadelphia County. The participants were between 14 and 18 years old at the time of their committing offense. The 1302 participants that had answered the questionnaires regarding substance use disorders were included in this study. The participants were divided into two groups: adolescents that had had substance use disorders and to adolescents that had never had substance use disorders. The groups were compared by factors relating to family and peer relations cross-sectionally with logistic regression analysis. Results and conclusions. According to the results, maternal hostility, parents' drug problems and antisocial behavior and influence of the peers were associated with the group of substance use disorders. Factors that protect from substance use disorders were high paternal warmth, parental knowledge and parental monitoring. These results support the earlier findings of the importance of social relations in adolescents' substance use and also raise hypotheses of possible factors influencing the development of substance use disorders. It is highly important to be aware of the risk factors influencing young adolescents' substance use so that it is possible to create early interventions and prevent future problems.
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(2014)Objectives: Juvenile delinquency and substance use are significant social problems. Delinquency and substance use started in adolescence often lead to lifetime persistent behavior patterns. According to previous research the most important individual factor in relation to juvenile delinquency and substance use is personality and one of the most important environmental factors in relation to these behaviors is parental monitoring. In this study I tried to replicate earlier results on the links of personality and parental monitoring with juvenile delinquency and substance use. Moreover I examined the quality of interactions between the Big Five personality traits and parental monitoring in relation to juvenile delinquency and substance use; these interactions have not been studied comprehensively before. Methods: Data for this study was taken from the Finnish national delinquency survey from 2012 collected by the National Research Institute of Legal Policy. The sample consisted of 8914 Finnish 6th and 9th grade pupils (age range 12–17). I analyzed the amount of self-reported criminal acts from the previous year in three classes of crime: aggressive and non-aggressive criminal acts as well as substance use (incl. alcohol use). I used multinomial logistic regression to examine the links of the Big Five personality dimensions, parental monitoring and their interactions to different classes of criminal acts. In each class of crime I compared separately occasional and repetitive offenders to those who reported minimal amounts of criminal acts. Results and conclusions: Parental monitoring had strong positive links to all classes of crime independent of the amount of criminal acts. Agreeableness and conscientiousness had negative relationships with all criminal behavior following previous research. Extraversion in turn had positive relations to all crime contrary to many previous results. Personality traits and parental monitoring had two separate kinds of interactions: in many occasions when parental monitoring was lower some personality trait was reduced in its power to predict criminal acts; contrary to this the positive relationship of extraversion to repetitive aggressive crime raised as parental monitoring decreased in amount. The significance of parental monitoring in relation to juvenile delinquency and substance use is highlighted in my results. According to my results it will be profitable to put effort in reinforcing parental monitoring to fight juvenile delinquency and substance use.
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(2014)Objectives: Overweight is a common health problem in children, adolescents and adults. Its effects on somatic well-being are well known, but the knowledge of its relationship with mental health is contradictory. The connections are likely to be stronger in studies that have studied adolescents who are receiving treatment to obesity. It is important to study what kinds of risk factors there are for psychiatric symptoms and substance use in adolescence and early adulthood. This master's thesis studies whether overweight and obesity are in connection with psychiatric symptoms and substance use in adolescents and young adults who have received treatment to obesity in childhood. Methods: This study is a part of Elintavat ja luusto nuorilla (ELLU) research project. The patient group consisted of adolescents and young adults who have received treatment to severe or morbid obesity in childhood. The control group consisted of normal weight adolescents and young adults of a similar age. The study involved 42 14-19-year-old adolescents (22 patients, 20 controls) and 62 17-24-year-old young adults (27 patients, 35 controls). Information about psychiatric symptoms and substance use was collected using the Youth Self-Report (YSR) and the Adult Self-Report (ASR) assessment forms. The data was analyzed using covariance analysis, linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis. Results and conclusions: The overweight and obese adolescents had more total problems, internalizing problems, somatic problems, attention problems and social problems. Gender was significant in social problems: overweight and obese girls had more social problems than normal weight girls, but among boys there were not differences between the groups. In young adults overweight and obesity were not in connection with psychiatric symptoms. Gender had no importance in this connection. The overweight and obese young adults had 3.77-fold increased risk of smoking compared to normal weight young adults. Overweight and obesity are thus connected to psychiatric symptoms in adolescence and tobacco smoking in early adulthood. Conclusions about causality cannot be drawn based on this study. Information about overweight's and obesity's connections with mental health and substance use may help in treatment planning. It may as well increase the desire to draw attention to overweight children and adolescents early enough.
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