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Browsing by Subject "ulospäinsuuntautuneisuus"

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  • Kortisolin ja persoonallisuuden yhteys masennukseen ja ahdistukseen : poikkileikkaustutkimus MIDUS-aineistolla 
    Hirvelä, Satu (2016)
    Objective: Depression and anxiety disorders are mood disorders which may result from a number of psychological, social and biological reasons. Dysregulation of HPA-axis, such as hypercortisolism and hypocortisolism, is thought to be connected to depression and anxiety. On the other hand depression and anxiety are also connected to the personality characteristics like high neuroticism. The aim of this study was to examine the connections of personality characteristics and evening cortisol to depression, anxiety and their comorbidity. These have not been previously studied together. Methods: This study used data from the second wave of the MIDUS (Midlife in the United States) longitudinal study. The data was collected by the Institute on Aging at the University of Wisconsin-Madison during 2004-2006. Personality characteristics were assessed by the short personality scale of MIDUS, where respondents assessed the suitability of 25 adjectives to themselves in a four-step scale. Depression and anxiety were measured by MASQ (Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire) which had been modified for MIDUS. Cortisol was measured from saliva at four different time points during four days. ANOVA, linear regression and multi-nominal logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results and conclusions: Low evening cortisol level appears to be predictive of anhedonic depression in low educated young people. The personality characteristics of high neuroticism and low conscientiousness predicted all symptom groups, which is in line with previous studies. High neuroticism was the biggest risk for comorbid depression and anxiety. In addition to high neuroticism and low conscientiousness, female sex, middle and low level education also predicted somatic anxiety and hypocortisolism, female sex, low extraversion and middle and low level education predicted anhedonic depression. Furthermore, a low level of education was positively associated with comorbidity. Neuroticism is a risk for mood disorders and understanding its development in childhood requires further research. Neuroticism should be taken in account in clinical practice. Psychotherapy might be effective to reduce neuroticism.
  • Uhrikokemukset ja aggressiivinen käytös nuorilla : uhrikokemusten, viiden suuren persoonallisuuspiirteen, impulsiivisuuden ja vanhempien valvonnan vaikutus aggressiiviseen käytökseen 
    Suutari, Riikka-Liisa (2014)
    The association between victimization and aggressive behavior has been extensively studied but its relation to other risk factors is less known. The purpose of this study is to illuminate the link between victimization and aggressive behavior by including other risk factors associated with aggressive behavior to the model. Along with victimization we studied the effect of Big Five personality dimensions, impulsivity and parental control on aggression and their potential mediating or moderating effects on the victimization-aggression link. Based on the previous studies we expected the link between victimization and aggression to be strong but possibly mediated or moderated by agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, impulsivity and parental control. We used the data from the Finnish Self-Report Delinquency study 2012 which consists of 8,914 survey answers from 6th or 9th grade students (11–16 years) in a nationally representative sample of 106 schools. Aggressive behavior and victimization variables were sorted into three classes: 1) no reported incidences 2) 1 or 2 incidences or 3) 3 or more incidences in the previous year. We analyzed the data by using multinomial regression analysis. Gender and age (6th vs. 9th grade) were controlled. Results showed that victimization was associated with aggressive behavior and the probability was highest among those who had experienced victimization more than three times during the previous year. Higher parental control, agreeableness and conscientiousness predicted less aggressive behavior, whereas higher impulsivity and extroversion predicted higher aggressive behavior. Neuroticism was not directly associated with aggressive behavior. Only the link between conscientiousness and aggressive behavior was mediated by the other factors while victimization, agreeableness, extroversion, impulsivity and parental control remained as independent factors predicting aggressive behavior.

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