Browsing by Subject "validiteetti"

Objectives. Early mathematical skills predict future academic success. The development of mathematical skills during primary school years tends to be weaker in children learning Finnish as a second language as compared to native speakers. However, these skills beginto develop early in life, with mathematical vocabulary playing a crucial role. Given that learning the Finnish language is a time-consuming process, there is a growing demand for valid and reliable assessment methods for mathematical skills and vocabulary that do not necessitate speech production in the second language. The SMST Picture Vocabulary Test aims to assess the recognition of words related to mathematics. The first objective of this study is to analyze the reliability and validity of this test, while the second is to examine the role of age, home language, gender, and the duration of participation in Early Childhood Education (ECE) in relation to knowledge of vocabulary. Methods. The data was gathered from children who were Finnish language learners aged 5–7 years (N=100) attending public ECE centers in the capital area. The reliability of the test was evaluated through internal consistency analyses. Additionally, known-group validity and concurrent validity assessments were conducted. Knowledge of mathematical vocabulary was examined through test results, with additional background data collected from teachers. Teachers evaluated the overall language and mathematical skills of the children. The study employed a quantitative approach with statistical analysis methods using the IBM SPSS program. Main results and conclusions. The study suggests that the SMST Picture Vocabulary Test demonstrates weak reliability, yet moderate validity, to be used for children learning Finnish as a second language. Concurrent validity analysis affirms the test to be primarily a vocabulary knowledge assessment tool. The SMST test demonstrated the ability to differentiate between two pre-established groups (Finnish language learners and native speakers) in mathematical skills through knowledge of mathematical vocabulary, thereby supporting the known-group validity of the test. The duration of participation in ECE emerged as the strongest indicator for mathematical vocabulary test results, followed by age, predicting 29 % of the vocabulary knowledge. Gender differences were found, with the results favoring girls. Home language showed no significant relation to competency in math vocabulary. The findings from this study pave the way for further research into the assessment of mathematical vocabulary knowledge among Finnish language learners, with a particular focus on understanding the factors influencing this knowledge.

Reflection is often stated as a learning outcome of teacher education. However no consistent method exists to assess the extent to which students engage in reflective thinking. The purpose of this study is to explore the utility of Reflection Questionnaire developed by Kember et al. (2000) for measuring the reflection levels of Finnish pre-service teachers. In addition, the Reflection Questionnaire is placed as a part of a broader theoretical framework by examining associations between students’ approaches to learning and stages of reflective thinking. The data (n= 220) was collected in the spring of 2018 and it consisted of pre-service teachers at the beginning of their studies at the University of Helsinki. The reliability and validity of the instrument was examined in terms of internal consistency, structural validity, convergence validity, discriminant validity and nomological validity. The internal consistency was estimated by calculating Cronbach’s alpha. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the structural, convergent and discriminant validity of the Reflection Questionnaire. Nomological validity was examined using ALSI questionnaire which measures deep and surface approaches to learning. The Cronbach's alpha values signified that the dimensions of the Finnish version of Reflection Questionnaire were internally consistent. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable model fit and confirmed the original four-factor model, indicating structural validity of the instrument. In addition, the relationships between the dimensions of reflection supported convergence and discriminant validity. Relationships between deep and surface approaches to learning and the dimensions of reflection provided evidence of nomological validity. These findings reveal the utility of Reflection Questionnaire in measuring reflection levels of pre-service teachers. The Finnish version of Reflection Questionnaire is a valid instrument to be used for learning the extent to which students are engaging in the reflective thinking.