Browsing by Subject "ympäristö"
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(2014)Objectives: The objective of my research was to describe the experiences and insights of pre-school and primary school teachers concerning visual arts as a content and subject area. The objective was also to describe and understand children's opinions of visual arts' teaching. In addition I observed the differences and similarities of teachers' and children's opinions. Methodology: My research was a qualitative research with characteristics of hermeneutical research tradition. I pursued an understanding research method while observing my research phenomenon, visual arts, in pre-and primary school teaching. Theme interview was the main information gathering method. I experienced the theme interview to enable natural and i conversation-like approach to the research topic. The research material was gathered from Kivistö-Aviapolis and Tikkurila areas in the city of Vantaa. I interviewed four pre-school and four primary school teachers, and four pre-school and four primary school aged children. Four municipal daycare centers and two primary schools participated to the study. Findings and Conclusions: The preschool teachers experiences concerning visual arts focused on the playful manner by which to learn and combine visual arts to the other content areas. Primary school teachers on the other hand integrated the visual arts to other subject areas such as environmental education. Primary school teachers experienced that time pressure made the teaching of the visual arts difficult. According to my research, there is not enough time to teach visual arts in every day settings. All of teachers who participated to the study experienced creativity and the development of imagination as the main content of the visual arts. Despite of this, visual arts manifested more as producing of visual art than as experience seeking activity in the pre-and primary school teaching. The usage of visual media was scarce in the teaching. According to my results, over half of the teachers do not use visual media in their visual arts teaching and therefore do not help the children to understand and interpret visual language. The opinion that visual arts' position has been diminished was shared by all of the teachers. Hence more time and hour frame was hoped for. Pre-and primary school children experienced the visual arts as a pleasant subject and study area. Children liked to work in a way that enabled them to use their creativity. The research results for the children show children's' holistic way to learn and gain experience in various learning environments.
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(2015)Consumers are told to eat seasonally to reduce the environmental impacts of food. Finnish food culture has a long tradition of eating seasonally. Although, it seems that consumers perceptions of the seasons of food products have disappeared due to the wide variation of groceries and changes in lifestyle. The aim of this study is to find out the perceptions of seasonal food of one consumer group, university students. The more detailed aims are to find out university students' perceptions of seasonal food, how do students see seasonal eating as a part of environmentally friendly choices and do students consider seasons of the food products when choosing food. The data for the study were collected from students studying at University of Helsinki with a web-based questionnaire in December 2014. There were all together 401 respondents, and they came from all faculties. 339 of the respondents were women and 62 of them were men. The age varied from 19 years old to 59 years old and the average age was 27. Both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered with the questionnaire. The quantitative data were analyzed statistically using cross tabulation and Khii square test, independent groups t-test, one way analysis of variance and Tukey's test, and Spearman's correlation. The qualitative data from open questions were categorized and the frequencies of categories were counted. Students were familiar with the term seasonal food. The most frequently named seasonal foods were vegetables, berries and fruits. Meanings related to food availability, production and cultural traditions were most common for the seasonal food concept. Most of the respondents were considering seasons of the food products when choosing food. Students seemed to recognize the role of eating seasonally in reducing the environmental impacts associated with food. Cheaper price, better taste and quality and the variety they brought to the diet were most mentioned reasons to eat seasonally. Students who did not eat seasonally mentioned the lack of information as the biggest reasons not to do so. There should be a clear definition of seasonal food in order to guide consumers to eat seasonally. Consumers' perceptions could be useful when building these definitions. More information about seasonal foods should be available and seasonality should be more clearly seen in supermarkets. Even though eating seasonally would not have huge impact on reducing the environmental impacts of food production and consumption, it could be the first and quite easy step towards more sustainable eating. It could also provide a way to get people to pay more attention towards food they are eating.
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