Browsing by Subject "3D-mallinnus"

Purpose The human capability to detect the degree of zygomatico-orbital (ZMO) fracture dislocation in surgical treatment is unknown. The aim of the study was to examine the association between ZMO fracture dislocation and injury etiology and treatment. Methods The investigators implemented a retrospective cross-sectional study and enrolled a sample composed of patients with an isolated unilateral ZMO fracture and analyzed fracture dislocation from CT (computed tomography) images with an automatic algorithm. The primary predictor variable was mean surface point-to-point dislocation (the mean distance of dislocation for all surface points in isolated ZMO fracture segments between the original position and after virtual repositioning). The primary outcome was the treatment choice (operative versus nonoperative). Other studied variables were gender, age group, injury mechanism, clinical asymmetry, and human-evaluated dislocation in CT images. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed, and the threshold for statistical significance was set at P < .05. Results The sample consisted of 115 subjects with a mean age of 66.3 years, 66.1% of whom were male, and the most common cause of injury was falling on the ground (49.6%). Operative treatment was required for 58 (50.4%) subjects. There was a significant association between mean dislocation and operative treatment. The mean dislocation of operatively vs. nonoperatively treated fractures was 2.39 mm vs. 1.05 mm (P < .001). Mean fracture dislocation was greatest in injuries caused by assault (2.41 mm) and smallest in MVAs (1.08 mm) and ground-level falls (1.25 mm). The threshold of human eye detection for ZMO fracture dislocation was 1.97 mm. Conclusion The results of the present study demonstrate that the threshold for operative treatment of ZMO fracture dislocation is over 2 mm, which the human eye is able to detect. True dislocation is greater in younger than elderly patients and in injuries caused by assault compared to falling.