Browsing by Subject "nuoruus"
Now showing items 1-9 of 9
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(2021)The aim of the study. Conduct disorder and antisocial behaviour are externalizing symptoms. Furthermore antisocial behaviour is associsiated with substance use. Conduct disorder at adolescence have continuity with antisocial behaviour in adulthood and alcohol misuse in adolescence predict alcohol misuse in adulthood. This study examines association between conduct disorder and alcohol use in adolescence and antisocial behaviour and alcohol use in adulthood. Additionally this study examines ADHD symptoms effect to potential association. Methods. The data of this study is a part of a Finnish FinnTwin12 longitudinal study. The sample of this study consists of 1336 person. This study used 14 years and early adulthood (ages between 21 and 26 years) follow-up. Conduct symptoms, alcohol use and ADHD symptoms at adolescence were assessed with the C-SSAGA -psychiatric interview method for children. Antisocial behaviour and alcohol use at early adulthood were assessed with SSAGA -psychiatric interview method. Association between antisocial behaviour and alcohol use were analyzed with cross-lagged panel model. Results and conclusions. Conduct symptoms in adolescence is connected with antisocial behaviour and alcohol use at adulthood. However, alcohol use in adolescence is not connected with antisocial behaviour in adulthood. According to this study, support methods would be important to focus to children and youth with conduct symptoms. This create a possibility to prevent future problems related with alcohol use and antisocial behaviour.
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(2022)Aims of the study. The aim of this study was to examine normative development of sleep patterns and circadian rhythmicity during adolescence. Previous studies have found that sleep duration shortens across the lifespan, and especially adolescents’ sleep timing shifts later due to physiological and psychological factors. Sleep patterns in adolescence are connected to individual’s endogenous circadian rhythms, usually measured by delayed melatonin secretion in the evening. There is a lack of understanding how sleep patterns are related to circadian body temperature rhythms during adolescence. Methods. This study was part of SleepHelsinki! cohort study of the Sleep & Mind Research Group. Adolescents’ sleep patterns were measured with actigraphies, whereas circadian body temperature was measured from the skin surface. Circadian temperature rhythmicity was inspected by circadian period length, the mesor of skin surface temperature and the amplitude of daily changes within the rhythm. Baseline measurements were measured from 215 (71.6 % girls) adolescents aged 16–18 years. At one-year follow-up, 156 (76.3 % girls) adolescents were measured again. Mixed models for repeated measures were used to examine changes over the year in sleep patterns and endogenous circadian temperature rhythm, separately for both girls and boys. Sex differences were tested with one-way variance analysis. Linear and ordinal regressions were used to predict sleep and circadian rhythm over the year. Results and conclusions. Over the year, adolescents’ sleep duration became longer during the week, while weekend sleep shortened. However, this change was only significant for girls. Sleep schedule became more delayed for both girls and boys during the week, as sleep onset, midpoint and offset occurred at a later time. Circadian rhythm changed for boys, as their average skin surface temperature increased, and their circadian temperature amplitude became smaller. Boys also had significantly lower circadian temperature amplitude than girls at the follow-up. Compared to boys, girls were 5.85 times more likely to have a high circadian temperature amplitude at the follow-up measurement. Changes in sleep length during the week was moderated by temperature amplitude, with higher circadian amplitude predicting sleep duration to become longer. Still, the likelihood to have long sleep duration was affected by past sleep duration.
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(2018)Objectives: Delayed circadian rhythm and other sleep difficulties, common in adolescence, are related to wellbeing in various ways. The delay of sleep can be attributed, among other factors, to the nighttime use of electronic media, such as tablets and smartphones. However, there have been various contradictory findings about the effect of electronic media on sleep quality. Previous studies’ sample sizes have been small and the majority consisted of males. Therefore, this study examines the effect of electronic media on sleep architecture in adolescence with a larger sample size and includes both males and females. It was hypothesized that the use of electronic media will be related to the decrease of either REM- or slow-wave sleep. The differences between sexes and different types of electronic media were also investigated. It was hypothesized that the effect will vary based on the type of media. Methods: 166 adolescents took part in this study (age 16–17, 97 females). Their sleep was monitored with an all-night polysomnography. The duration of the use of electronic media on the same day was used in order to predict the sleep stages by regression analysis. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to compare the effects of different types of electronic media. Results and conclusions: The use of electronic media was not associated with the decrease of neither REM- nor slow-wave sleep. Secondly, the groups characterized by different uses of electronic media did not differ significantly with regards to proportions of sleep stages. This study, therefore, does not provide support for the previous findings implicating adverse effects of electronic media on the quality of sleep.
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(2018)Aims. Individuals can be divided into three chronotypes based on their preferred timing of sleep and activity: morning-, neither- and evening-type. Evening-type has been associated with many health-related risks and higher depressive and anxiety symptoms (DA symptoms), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In adolescence evening-type becomes more common, DA symptoms increase and physical activity decreases. The aim of this study is to examine the mediational associations between chronotype, exercise and DA symptoms in adolescence. Furthermore, the differences between genders are examined. Methods. The data used was from a Finnish cohort study SleepHelsinki!. 997 16‒17-years old adolescents (63.8% girls) participated in the study. Chronotype was assessed with MCTQ. BDI-II and GAD-7 were used to assess DA symptoms respectively. The amount of exercise was measured as hours per month. Mediation analysis with bootstrapping was used to examine the indirect associations between variables. Results and Conclusions. Evening-type was associated with higher DA symptoms, but exercise did not mediate this association when sleep loss, smoking and alcohol consumption were taken into consideration. Instead chronotype mediated the association between exercise and DA symptoms. According to these results the amount of exercise is not that relevant in the association. Instead more important is to concentrate on the type of exercise and to enhance the lifestyle of evening-types in other ways e.g. increasing social support considering gender differences.
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(2024)Objective: Obesity and poor mental health frequently co-occur in adulthood, but their comorbidity and causality during adolescence remain less explored. This study aimed to investigate how symptoms of depression, symptoms of anxiety, self-esteem, and psychological resilience associate to physical growth in Finnish youth. Methods: This study included 1,286 on average 11.2-year-old children (51% girls) from the Finnish Health in Teens (Fin-HIT) cohort study, of which 814 were followed for an average of 4.3 years. Symptoms of depression and symptoms of anxiety were evaluated with Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) and Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) at the age of 11. Self-esteem was assessed with Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) at the age of 11. Baseline categorical psychological resilience was cross-classified into four phenotypes based on combination of exposure to early stressful life events (SLEs), assessed with Life Events as Stressors in Childhood and Adolescence, and psychological health, assessed with CES-DC and/or SCARED and SPPC. Weight, height, and waist circumference were self-reported at ages 11 and 15. Sex- and age-specific BMIz was calculated based on IOTF guidelines, and WtHr as waist circumference divided by height. Linear regression models were used to examine the associations between mental health indicators and BMIz/WtHr, while multilevel modeling was used to examine how the mental health indicators associate with change in BMIz/WtHr during the follow-up period. Results: Higher depressive symptoms were associated with a higher WtHr at baseline (p = .001) and a decrease in BMIz (p = .02) and WtHr (p = .001) over the follow-up period. Symptoms of anxiety were associated with a higher WtHr at baseline (p = .017) and a decrease in BMIz (p = .035), and after adjusting for age and sex also with a decrease in WtHr (p = .02). Higher self-esteem was associated with a lower baseline BMIz and WtHr (both p < .001), with a lower follow-up BMIz (p = .041) and WtHr (p = .096), as well as an increasing BMIz (p = .009) and WtHr (p = .016). Belonging to the resilient group was associated with a lower BMIz (p = .04) and WtHr (p = .004) at baseline, as well as a greater increase in BMIz (p = .009) and WtHr (p = .016) during the follow-up period when compared to the non-resilient group. Conclusion: Indicators of mental health and psychological resilience were associated with physical growth in adolescence, and their impact varied over time. These results underline the importance of considering mental health indicators in understanding and addressing adolescent obesity and its dynamics during this critical developmental period.
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(2019)Aims. Mental disorders in adolescence are common, and when left untreated, they can significantly affect the developmental phase of adolescence, impacting development throughout life. Changes in experiencing emotions are typical in mental disorders, however, normal fluctuation of emotions in adolescence may impact the early detection of disorders in young people. Currently there is little research on the connection between temporal fluctuation of emotions and mental disorders in adolescence. This thesis is studying the variation in temporal fluctuation of emotions, mental alertness and self-control in adolescents that have at least one mental disorder, or no mental disorders, as well as the connection between such temporal fluctuations with different mental disorders. In addition, this thesis is studying the connection between the number of simultaneous mental disorders and the intensity of emotions, mental alertness and self-control. Methods. The studied group consisted 342 16–18-year-old adolescents from Helsinki, out of which 69.6% were girls. The data used in the study was part of the second stage of the SleepHelsinki! cohort study by the University of Helsinki. “MINI” interview technique was used for assessing the mental disorders and PsyMate™ application (which is based on the ESM method) was used for assessing the temporal fluctuation of emotions, mental alertness and self-control. The connections were examined with linear mixed models. Results and conclusions. The study did not detect any difference in the observed temporal fluctuation of emotions when comparing the adolescent that had at least one mental disorders with those that did not have any mental disorders. A greater number of detected mental disorders had a connection with weaker joyfulness and satisfaction, more intense depression, anxiety and irritability, as well as better experienced self-control. The number of disorders was not detected to have an affiliation with mental alertness. The study did not detect a systematic connection between temporal fluctuation of emotions and mental disorders, but some reference of connection between certain disorders and temporal fluctuation of emotions was detected. In the future it would be beneficial to study these connections while considering the impact of situational factors into emotions. 40 % of the adolescent observed in this study had at least one current mental disorder. Therefore, the common occurrence of mental disorders in the adolescent indicates the necessity to improve the understanding of the characteristic features of adolescent mental disorders, such as their impact in the changes in emotions.
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(2019)Aims. Sleep is very important for brain maturation in adolescence. However, the youth doesn’t often sleep enough. In adolescence evening preference in circadian rhythm becomes more common. This evening-type chronotype is often inconsistent with environment, such as early school mornings. In the long run this can lead into sleep deprivation which can then lead into low vitality, deficits in attention sustaining or some health problems for example. Also, evening-chronotype is associated with lower vitality, depressive and anxiety symptoms or health issues in adolescence. In adolescence it is also common to have unsteadiness of emotions. The aim of this study is to examine the associations between circadian rhythm and chronotype, vitality and emotions in adolescence. Additionally, the differences between genders in chronotype are also examined. Methods. 329 16–19-years old adolescents (69.9% girls) participated in the study for a week. The data used was from a Finnish cohort study SleepHelsinki!. The circadian rhythm and chronotype were assessed with actigraphy. Vitality and emotions were assessed three times in a day with a mobile application PsyMate™ which is based on Experience Sampling Method. The associations were examined with linear mixed models. Results and conclusions. In adolescence the circadian rhythm of girls is on average earlier than boys. Daytime low vitality is associated with less positive and more negative emotions in the same day. The association between low vitality and less positive emotions gets more intense as the study goes further. Chronotype as a continuous variable is not associated with daytime emotions or vitality in adolescence. Chronotype that is divided into three same sized groups is associated with daytime vitality as earlier chronotype is associated with lower daytime vitality. In adolescence the association between vitality and emotions should be paid attention to more, because vitality is something you might influence on with enough sleep. Guaranteeing higher vitality can also in the long run prevent mental health disorders since higher vitality could help stabilize emotions.
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(2021)Objective. Despite the health benefits of physical exercise, several adolescents exercise less than recommended and physical activity decreases from childhood to adolescence. However, there has been quite little research into the factors affecting physical activity. The circadian rhythm shifts later in adolescence, which is linked to problems with schooling, as well as psychological and physical difficulties. However, further objective research is needed of the association of circadian rhythm and physical activity in adolescence. This study examined the association of circadian period length and timing of the circadian rhythm to physical activity in adolescents and whether sex moderates these associations. Methods. The sample consisted of 262 16–19 years old adolescents (70.6 % girls) who participated in the cohort study SleepHelsinki!. Circadian period length was measured by skin temperature and timing of the circadian rhythm was measured with an actigraphs according to the midpoint of sleep, as well as with the reduced version of the MEQ survey, which measures circadian preference. Metabolic equivalents as well as the amount of sedentary behavior, light physical activity and moderate to vigorous physical activity was calculated from the actigraphy data. Relationship between circadian period length and physical activity was analyzed with linear and quadratic regression analyzes, and relationship between midpoint of sleep and physical activity with linear regression analyzes. Relationship between circadian preference and physical activity was analyzed by one-way analyzes of variance. The moderating effect of gender was examined by adding the interaction of gender and independent variable to the models. Results. Circadian period length was in a quadratic relationship to light as well as moderate to vigorous physical activity: shorter and longer than average circadian period associated with lower activity level and a near-average circadian period with higher activity level. Later sleep midpoint associated with lower metabolic equivalent, lower light and moderate to vigorous physical activity and higher sedentary time. Circadian preference was not associated with physical activity. Gender did not moderate associations. Conclusions. Adolescents whose circadian rhythm is delayed or inconsistent with the rhythm of society should be considered when planning ways to support adolescent’s physical activity, because these adolescents are at greater risk for physical inactivity and its adverse health effects. One way could be shifting school start times later, which would reduce adolescent’s social jet lag, sleep deprivation and daytime fatigue, and thus support their physical activity.
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(2019)Aims. Adolescence is a vulnerable developmental stage to develop psychiatric disorders and circadian rhythm regulation difficulties (CRRDs). Studies investigating the associations of them are scarce. The aim of this study is to examine the association of CRRDs and psychiatric disorders, and whether the association is mediated by chronotype. CRRDs include late bedtimes, alteration in sleep duration and variation in standard deviations (SD) of bedtimes and sleep duration on weekdays and weekends. Gender differences are also examined. Methods. The data was from a Finnish cohort study SleepHelsinki! Study participants were 16‒18-year-old adolescents (n=317, 69.7% girls). CRRDs and chronotype were assessed with actigraph. Psychiatric disorders were assessed with The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Statistical analyses used were logistic regression and mediation analysis. Results and Conclusions. Variations in means and SDs of bedtimes on weekdays, and alterations in SDs of bedtimes on weekends were associated with increased risk of depression. Alterations in mean bedtimes on weekdays and on weekends were associated with increased risk of suicidality, and alterations in SDs of bedtimes and sleep duration on weekdays were associated with increased risk of suicidality and antisocial personality disorder. CRRDs were not associated with anxiety disorders. Chronotype mediated the association between mean bedtimes on weekends and antisocial personality disorder. Allowing flexible schedules at school and work could support adolescents’ development, help studying and prevent CRRDs and psychiatric disorders in adolescence.
Now showing items 1-9 of 9