Browsing by Subject "haitta-aine"

This master’s thesis is part of “Valkuaisfoorumi” project executed in co-operation with Häme University of Applied Sciences (HAMK) and Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke). Main goal of “Valkuais-foorumi” is to increase self-sufficiency of protein by increasing the cultivation area and to search possibili-ties to utilize protein plants in crop rotation and to increase the use of locally produced protein feeds for domestic animals, both ruminants and monogastric animals. There is a rising interest of using faba bean in food industry and as a feedstuff for domestic animals. Experiment 1: Optimizing harvesting time for whole-crop faba bean. Optimal harvesting time was determined by collecting samples from three different faba bean varieties five times at two-week intervals during growing period and analysing changes in nutritional value and crop yields. Optimal harvesting time is after the pods are starting to fill and the plant is still green, leafy and not rotten. Crop yield grows within time but harvesting is recommended before autumn rains as humid condi-tions increase risk of losses during harvesting and preservation. Experiment 2: Crimped faba beans were ensiled using different additives based on lactic acid bacteria or additives restricting fermentation. Nutritional value, microbiological and fermentation quality, aerobic stability and reduction of the antinutritional factors were determined. Additives improved quality of ensiled crimped faba bean. Amounts of vicin and convicin decreased during fermentation process. Amount of tannins varied among treatments and antimicrobial chemical addi-tive was the most efficient in reducing tannins compared to ensiling without additives. Aerobic stability was good with all additives and with antimicrobial chemical treatment the 2-degree temperature rise could not be reached during the measurement period of 210 h. Lactic acid bacteria based inoculant improved fermen-tation quality of feed by decreasing the number of harmful microbes. Chemical additive restricted the fer-mentation of feed and fermentation losses were minute. By ensiling crimped faba bean it is possible to harvest the crop in earlier stage of maturity and using adidtives improves the nutritional and microbial qual-ity. Avainsanat