Browsing by Subject "kyntö"
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(2014)The purpose of tillage is to mulch previous years crop residue and create suitable seedbed for the crop. Tillage can also affect soil temperature properties. Soil temperature affects how fast the seed germinates in soil, how the roots develop, and the microbiological activity of the soil. This study compared the effects of traditional autumn ploughing, autumn chisel plough and zero tillage on soil temperature and moisture content. The project was conducted as a part of Maa- ja vesitekniikan tuki -funded TALMA project, which was carried out in collaboration with MTT. The field experiments and measurements of this study were carried out in Jokioinen at MTT during the period of 1 June 2012 to 06 May 2013. Soil temperature and moisture content were measured continuously at the depth of 10 cm by using one hour measurement frequency. The hypotheses of this research were as follows: Firstly, that the autumn tilled soil warms faster than stubble-covered field. The second hypothesis states, that temperature variation of autumn tilled land is greater than variation of untilled land. Warming of the soil during spring term was compared by setting a target temperature for the ground (+5°C). All tillage treatments reached target temperature within one day. The results demonstrated that the average day temperature of ploughed land was a little colder than stubble covered land in spring. Also the variation of the soil minimum and maximum temperature values was higher in ploughed soil. Based on the results stubble covered land buffers better temperature variation than ploughed land. Stubble covered land does not cool as much as ploughed land during the winter.
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(2015)New primary tillage methods have appeared alongside traditional ploughing. Objectives of primary tillage can nowadays be achieved with other methods such as by exploiting nature’s own processes or with chemical weed control. The endeavor of farmers to save time and money has caused conservation tillage to become more common. Different methods of conservation tillage and no-tillage has been replacing traditional ploughing. Conservation tillage has had various kinds of effects to achieved yields. Some international studies reported that conservation tillage had reduced yields. On the other hand, the rest of the studies point out that either the yield remained at the same level or at times, yield levels rose with reduced tillage. The aim of this study was to determine the profitability of different tillage methods. The profitability of three different primary tillage methods were compared at three farm sizes (50, 100 and 200 ha). Retail prices of farming machinery and Luke’s on-going field experiments on clay soil in Jokioinen were drawn on for data used in this study. Luke has been running no-tillage field experiments in Jokioinen since 2000. Yield data of spring barley from Jokioinen field experiment was used in this study. No-tillage was the most profitable tillage method on every farm size. The costs of no-tillage was 145?279 €/hectare lower than the costs with ploughing and 111?234 €/hectare lower than the costs with cultivation. The surplus of no-tillage was 93–226 €/hectare greater than surplus with ploughing and 69?192 €/hectare bigger than the surplus achieved with cultivation as a primary tillage. The profitability of cultivation was 16–34 €/hectare bigger than the surplus acquired through ploughing. No-tillage was more economically beneficial on a field which had less clay in its texture. The no-tillage’s surplus was 183?317 €/hectare bigger than the ploughing’s surplus and it was 161?284 €/hectare bigger than the cultivation’s surplus. Fields of similar size were used when analyzing the difference of profitability between ploughing and cultivation. This study asserts that the profitability of primary tillage method depends on machinery, weather conditions, soil type and the size of the farm. In this study, no-tillage was more profitable even though the yields produced were less than with traditional primary tillage. The profitability of the different primary tillage methods varied erratically between farms and for this reason, an unambiguous answer for profitability cannot be given.
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(2013)A field experiment was conducted at Potato Reseach Institute during 1997-2002 in Lammi, Finland. The first aim of the work was to find out the suitability of three- and four-year crop rotation on potato production. The second aim was to investigate the effect of three different tilling methods and four different preceding crops on yield and quality of potato. The tilling methods were autumn and spring ploughing and light cultivation. The preceding crops were barley with straw left in the plots, barley with straw harvested, oat with straw harvested and two-year-grass. There were no differences on yield or quality of tubers between the studied crop rotations. The tuber yield did not differ between the tilling methods or the preciding crops. There was an interaction between all studied rotation and tilling methods. Three-year rotation resulted in approximately 5 % higher tuber yield and 14 % higher marketable yield following spring ploughing and light cultivation in comparison to autumn ploughing. However, four-year rotation resulted in an opposite result, since the tuber yield was 7 % and marketable yield 17 % higher following autumn ploughing in comparison to both spring ploughing and light cultivation. The most effecting factor on tuber quality was the two-year-grass as a preceding crop. Starch content was a little less than one percentage point higher following grass in comparison to all other preceding crops studied. Plant stand was also slightly sparser and tubers were slightly larger following grass in comparison to other preceding crops studied. This was due to grass lumps which caused problems in planting and resulted in uneven plant stand density. There were more green tubers following grass in comparison to other preceding crops studied. The starch content was a little less than one percentage point lower following spring ploughing in comparison to other tilling methods. Common scab was observed somewhat more following spring ploughing. The light cultivation resulted in the highest number of green tubers. Three- and four-year crop rotations seem to fit for potato cultivation, and oat and barley are suitable as preceding crops for potato. Yield is not affected when spring ploughing- and light cultivation is applied with cereals as preceding crops. The two-year-grass is also suitable preceding crop for potato. It increases the tuber starch content, even tough it can decrease the quality. Thus, autumn ploughing is the best option as a tilling method to be used for grass as a preceding crop in potato cultivation.
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(2021)Cropping conditions are changing also at northern areas due the climate change. Extreme weather conditions demand more buffering capability from the soil and adjusting ability from the plants. Crop rotation and tillage system are in essential role while the change proceeds, as they effect to productivity, pest control and soil health. This study studied the effects of crop rotation on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yield and pests in two tillage methods, plowing and no-till. This long term (2005-2019) field experiment was arranged in Jokionen, southern Finland. In the experiment, there were two cropping systems: barley monoculture and five years crop rotation (pea – spring wheat – oats – turnip rape/rapeseed – spring barley). Both cropping systems were carried out in ploughed and no-till environment. This study examined the years 2009, 2014 and 2019, when the whole experimental area was on spring barley. In our study, crop rotation did not have considerable effect on barley yield, but tillage method had. Yields were bigger in the ploughed system than in the no-till system. Crop rotation reduced weeds in the plowing system and increased them on no-till. Crop rotation reduced the stem and root rot diseases in spring barley. Tillage method and crop rotation had also effect on leaf blotch severity, especially on scald (Rhynchosporium commune). Only a few insect violations appeared during the examination years, so the effects of crop rotation on occurrence of insects could not be evaluated. Long term crop rotation experiments give valuable information about the strengths and weaknesses of different rotations. Role of the diverse crop rotation will increase further in Finland. More attention needs to be paid to interaction between crops and tillage systems, avoiding soil compaction, focusing to improve soil health and structure so the plants would have good opportunities to use their whole yield potential.
Now showing items 1-4 of 4