Browsing by Subject "laadunmuodostus"
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(2020)Oat (Avena Sativa L.) has been second most cultivated crop in Finland. Oat has been Finland’s most exported grain for several years and its use for human consumption has increased because of dietary benefits. Oat is well suited for northern growing conditions and there has been long tradition for oat breeding in Finland. High yield has been important breeding goal but because the new use purposes, also other quality parameters have more attention in breeding. According to statistics, the average oat yield was 3293 kg/ha in years 2002-2016. The average yields have not changed in past 15 years in farm level. Yield and quality formation of four Finnish oat varieties (Iiris, Meeri, Niklas ja Steinar) and two Central-European oat varieties (Canyon and Harmony) was studied during growing season 2016. The field experiment was carried out at Elimäki in southern Finland. Different characteristics were measured and calculated during the growing season. Dry matter accumulation, growing rhythm, lodging and plant height were determined. Also yield, harvest index, grain filling rate, grading, thousand kernel weight and other quality parameters were determined. Suitability for milling use were studied from the oat varieties. Study was conducted in field as a completely randomized plot experiment with three replicants. Number of growing days correlated positively with yield. The last maturated varieties, Canyon, Harmony and Iiris, produced highest yield and best quality. These highest yielding varieties did not thoug have the highest harvest index. Length of grain filling period correlated positively with thousand kernel weight and grading result which all are also important quality features for oat milling industry. A correlation between grain size and hectoliter weight was not observed in this study.
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(2017)Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important cop in the world. It is used as raw material for fodder, brewing, bakery and foodstuff industry. Barley needs nutrients and nitrogen is the most important. Barley takes nitrogen 100 to 120 kg per hectar as ammonium and nitrate, which it uses during the growing season to form biomass and leaf chlorophyll to photosynthesize. Nitrogen deficiency causes dwarfism to stem and undeveloped state to phosynthesizing leaves. Nitrogen can be applied as inorganic and organic fertilizers and also as microbe content organic mineral fertilizers. The aim of the thesis was to examine how conventionally and organically cultivated methods affected two-row barley’s yield and quality in field experiment in 2009. There were six different cultivation methods; Berner Plant protection, University of Helsinki, Nylands Svenska Lantbrukssällskap (NSL) and Raisio Agro used conventionally cultivated methods and Elosato and ProAgria Organic used organically cultivated methods. Treatmens were fertilized by nitrogen from 71 to 118 kg per hectar where conventionally cultivated treatments were fertilized by nitrogen from 85 to 118 kg per hectar and organically cultivated treatments were fertilized by 71 kg per hectar. Seed population was from 400 to 500 seeds per m2. The results indicated that NFC Tipple matured 4 to 5 days earlier in organically cultivated treatments than conventionally cultivated treatments which had an effect to grain size. Early maturing was caused by low nitrogen fertilizer amount and plant disease amount. Vigorously grown barley resulted in higher yield and better yield quality when it was conventionally cultivated in comparison to organically cultivated. Quench responded better to nitrogen fertilizer when nitrogen than NFC Tipple and Fairytale. Number and timing of fungicide treatment had no effect to Quench’s growth’s disease amount.
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