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Browsing by Subject "nurmirehu"

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  • Biologisen säilöntäaineen vaikutus pyöröpaalatun nurmisäilörehun koostumukseen sekä lypsylehmien rehun syöntiin ja tuotokseen 
    Nyqvist, Krista (2018)
    Tiivistelmä/Referat – Abstract The long period of indoor feeding in Finland emphasizes the importance of good quality silage in dairy cow nutrition. Silage additives are used to ensure successful ensiling. Silage inoculants enhance silage lactic acid fermentation when lactic acid bacteria and sometimes enzymes and other fermentative bacteria are added to silage. Lactic acid content has been higher and pH lower in silages treated with inoculant than in silages without any additive. Aerobic stability of silage and total mixed ration (TMR) has been better with silage treated using inoculant compared to silage without additives. In some studies, the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter has been better with inoculant-treated silage. Silage dry matter intake has been improved with silage treated with inoculants in studies performed with dairy cows, growing beef cattle and sheep. Milk yield has increased in some studies with biological additive when compared to silage without additives. The aim of this study was to examine whether ensiling grass silage with biological additive influences feed intake or milk production of dairy cows in comparison to silage without inoculant. The study was conducted at the research farm of University of Helsinki. First cut timothy – meadow fescue sward was cut and wilted for 46 hours. The grass was harvested in round bales wrapped with 8 film layers either using silage inoculant (treatment B, with lactic acid bacteria and enzymes) or without additive (treatment A). A series of five bales of each silage were prepared one after another. The grass had dry matter of 183 g/kg before wilting and 328 g/kg after wilting. Water soluble carbohydrate concentration was 121 g/kg dry matter (DM). The silages were stored for 174 days before the beginning of the feeding trial. There were no differences in silage fermentation quality. Both silages had high concentration of lactic acid (100 g/kg DM). The dry matter contents were 296 and 294 g/kg and pH 4.25 and 4.31 for the inoculated silage and the silage without additive, respectively. Eight Finnish Ayrshire cows (95 days in milk, standard deviation 25.9) of second or later parity were used. The cows were kept in tie stalls during the trial. A double-reversal design was used with two treatments sequences (ABBA or BAAB) of 21 days each. The cows were fed with total mixed ration consisting of 65% (dry matter basis) of silage (inoculated or without additive), 20% of concentrate mixture, 13% rapeseed meal and 1.5% mineral supplement. Dry matter intake was 1,1 kg/d higher with the inoculated silage (p=0.01) than with untreated silage. Digestibility of dietary dry matter (p=0.02) and organic matter (p=0.02) was lower with inoculated than untreated silage. There was no difference in milk production between treatments (p=0.65). This study indicates that good fermentation quality of wilted (DM 300 g kg) grass silage can be achieved without additives. The increased dry matter intake or the lower digestibility of the diet containing inoculated silage cannot be explained by the silage composition or fermentation profile.
  • Kevätruisvehnä ja ohra kokoviljasäilörehuna lihanautojen ruokinnassa 
    Niskala, Riitta (2019)
    Barley is considered as the best small grain cereal for whole crop silage due to its good di-gestibility. An interesting alternative for barley is triticale which has had significantly higher yield in prior studies compared to barley. This study was conducted to determine the effects of triticale and barley whole crop silages on performance and carcass traits of growing beef bulls compared to grass silage-based diet. Five different total mixed rations (TMR) were compared. Grass silage based TMR was the control. Grass silage was replaced with barley or triticale whole crop silage in four other TMRs on two different levels. Either 50% or 100% of the grass silage dry matter (DM) was replaced. Intake of TMRs and live weight gain of bulls were monitored through-out the experiment and the feeds were analysed in a laboratory at the end of the experiment. The fermentation quality of the silages was good. Dry matter concentration of whole crop si-lages were higher and crude protein as well as neutral detergent fibre concentrations were lower than in grass silage. Starch concentration (308 g/kg DM) of barley silage was higher than in triticale (172 g/kg DM). D-value (685 g/kg DM) and metabolizable energy content of grass silage was higher than those of the whole crop silages. Furthermore, in barley whole crop silage D-value (659 g/kg DM) was higher than in the triticale whole crop silage (622 g/kg DM). When replacing grass with triticale, DM as well as starch intakes were increased, and crude protein intake decreased linearly. The feeding had no effect on animals’ growth rate, but car-cass gain tended to decrease as the proportion of triticale in the diet increased. Feed conver-sion (kg DM/ kg live or carcass weight gain) was less efficient and crude protein conversion improved linearly when grass silage was replaced with triticale. Also, dressing proportion de-creased linearly when replacing grass with triticale silage. When grass silage was replaced with barley silage the DM intake, ME, metabolizable protein and starch intake as well as live weight gain increased, and crude protein intake decreased linearly. Dry matter and crude pro-tein conversion ratios and fat score changed curvilinearly as proportion of barley silage in-creased. Dry matter intake of the mixture of grass and barley silages per kilogram of growth was higher compared to other diets. Barley silage diet had better crude protein utilization than other diets. Fat scores were lower with grass silage compared to other silages. As triticale replaced grass, intake increased, but that did not affect the rate of live weight gain. Dressing proportion decreased, dry matter conversion rate declined, and crude protein con-version rate improved. The results can mainly be explained by lower digestibility and higher iNDF-concentration of triticale silage compared to grass silage. The experiment showed that grass silage can be replaced with barley whole crop silage with-out negative effects on production, and growth rate was even improved with barley silage. This was mainly due to higher daily ME intake. Dry matter intake per kg carcass weight gain was higher for bulls fed with whole crop silages. That can increase feed costs depending on the production costs of the roughage.

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