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Browsing by Subject "rakennearvostelu"

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  • Lämminveristen ratsuhevosten lineaarisesti arvosteltavien jalka- ja askellajiominaisuuksien perinnölliset tunnusluvut 
    Vattulainen, Jenni (2020)
    Linear scoring of livestock and farm animals has been in use since the 1980’s. In Europe, the first linear evaluations in horse breeding were conducted in 1989. In Finland, the linear evaluation was introduced into breeding evaluation of warmblood horses in 2015. So far, there is only a limited amount of research available about the heritabilities calculated from linear evaluation. Some of the studies have shown that the judge has a statistically significant effect on the linear conformation evaluation of the horse. The heritabilites from these studies have varied within different researches. The highest siginificant heritabilities have been found for conformation traits. For now, only warmblood horses are being evaluated linearly in Finland. The aim of this study was to estimate the heritabilities of the leg and movement traits from show data between 2015 – 2019 and to estimate the genetic correlations between different traits. All in all 26 traits were analyzed in the study. There were 915 horses in the data. Observations were gathered from 29 different shows in Finland. Both geldings, mares and stallions were represented in the data, mares being the largest group of gender. From one singular age group, the two – year- old mares had the greatest amount of observations. Based on the year of birth, horses born in 2015 had the most observations. The year of birth did not, however, have any significance on the results. Both the age and the gender of the horse did have a statistic significance on the results. Also the location of the show and the year of observation had some significance. Heritibilities of leg traits based on this data were extremely low, ranging between 0,00 – 0,11. The heritabilities of type and movement traits ranged between 0,00 and 0,28. Standard errors of heritabilities ranged between 0,09 – 0,14. Genetic correlations between the traits ranged between weak to strong. Standard errors of genetic correlations ranged between 0,04 – 0,13. To get reliable heritability parameters, more data and research is needed about the linear scoring of horses.
  • Lineaarisen rakennearvostelun lihakkuuspisteiden ja teurastulosten fenotyyppinen ja geneettinen yhteys lihakarjalla 
    Vehkaoja, Senja (2024)
    Linear classification is used in cattle breeding to estimate animal’s production traits. Classification can be done early for a young animal. Muscularity scores in classification are used to estimate the animal’s slaughter traits. During slaughter, carcasses are scored based on muscularity, fatness and weight. The price of the carcass is based on these scores, so it is important for the farm’s profitability to improve slaughter traits. If conformation scores are used to make breeding decisions to improve slaughter traits, those classification scores need to correlate with the slaughter scores both phenotypically and genetically. Phenotypic scores are important especially when choosing animals for breeding because breeding values are not calculated for conformation traits in Finland. The aim of this study was to estimate phenotypic and genetic correlations between Finnish linear classification scores and slaughter scores in beef cattle. Phenotypic correlations were estimated for Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Limousin and Simmental. Genetic correlations were estimated for Hereford and Charolais. Phenotypically the strongest correlation in every breed was between inner thigh width and slaughter traits (-0.20-0.71). Weakest phenotypic correlation in every breed was between thigh length and slaughter traits (0.01-0.21). Genotypic correlations were similar compared to phenotypic correlations in Hereford and Charolais breeds. In both breeds the correlation between hip height and carcass conformation was negative (-0.11 and -0.20), but the genetic correlations between inner thigh width and muscularity score and carcass information were strong positive (0.48-0.81). Phenotypic correlations estimated simultaneously with genetic correlations were also similar but significantly weaker compared to straight phenotypic estimations. That’s possibly because the data used in straight phenotypic estimations was more narrowed compared to the data used in genetic estimations. Heritabilities were estimated for the traits used in genetic correlation estimations. Those estimated heritabilities were moderate (0.18-0.39) in both Hereford and Charolais breeds which is similar result to earlier studies. Based on this research, linear classification muscularity scores can be used as a reliable indicator trait when choosing animals for breeding to improve slaughter traits, especially carcass conformation.
  • Suomalaisten ayrshire-lehmien elopainon ja runko-ominaisuuksien perinnöllinen yhteys 
    Wahlroos, Taru (2018)
    Live weight data of cows is needed when preparing feeding plans and monitoring body condition of cows. Live weight is also important in medication; underestimating live weight is a major factor in the development of drug resistance. Live weight of dairy cows has increased in the years 2007–2017. The weight of primaparous cows has increased 21,4 kg (8,8 %), in the second parity 29,2 kg (9,7 %) and in the third parity 34,4 kg (10,8 %). The live weight is affected by both genetics and environment. Higher live weight leads to increased maintenance energy and feed consumption and thereby also increased emissions of greenhouse gases. For these reasons, the body weight should be lowered, or at least its increase should be slowed down. In this study, the objective was to estimate heritability of live weight and body conformation traits in Finnish Ayrshire. In addition, the possibility to include live weight into Nordic Total Merit index (NTM) using breeding values of the frame traits is assessed. From the original data outliers and incorrect observations were deleted. The data were also constrained by fixed effect subclass size. The final data contained 39,550 live weight observations and 12,928 measurements or scores conformation. The heritabilities of this study were: live weight 0,45 (standard error 0,02), stature 0,53 (0,04) and other conformation traits 0,11–0,32 (0,02–0,03). Genetic correlations between live weigh at different ages were very high 0,96–0,98 (0,01–0,03) and the phenotypic correlations were 0,43–0,76. The correlations between the live weight and body characteristics were computed only for the first calving. The genetic correlation between live weight and stature was 0,65 (0,03) and between live weight and other frame traits -0,14–0,59 (0,05–0,09). Based on the results, live weight could be predicted with frame traits. Hence it is possible to calculate the estimates of breeding values to live weight by using the composite index of body characteristics. Adding live weight index into NTM with a negative weight would restrain the growth of cow size.

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