Browsing by Subject "rapeseed"
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(2014)The present experiment was conducted to study feed intake, growth and carcass characteristics of growing dairy bulls offered diets based on whole-crop barley silage with or without protein supplementation relative to a grass silage-based diet. A feeding experiment was conducted in the experimental barn of MTT Agrifood Research Finland in Ruukki starting in January 2012 and ending in February 2013. Four feeding treatments comprised in 28 Finnish Ayrshire and 8 Holstein bulls. The bulls were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) ad libitum. For feeding groups 1 – 3 TMR included whole-crop barley silage [600 g/kg dry matter (DM)] and rolled barley (400 g/kg DM). The bulls in group 1 (KV) were fed without protein supplementation. Group 2 (KVR) got rapeseed-based concentrate 620 g/animal/d. Group 3 (KVRU) got rapeseed plus urea –based concentrate 480 g/animal/d. Group 4 (N) were fed a TMR which included grass silage (600 g/kg DM) and rolled barley (400 g/kg DM) but no protein supplementation. In order that concentrate proportions were same in all treatments, groups 1 and 4 got in addition 500 g rolled barley/animal/d. Protein supplementation in KVR and KVRU treatments was balanced so that the total amount of the crude protein in the diet was equal in both treatments, and the protein balance in the rumen fulfilled the Finnish recommendation which is above -10 g/kg DM for growing cattle above 200 kg live weight. The whole-crop barley silage and grass silage used in the present experiment included 623 and 678 g digestible organic matter in kg DM, respectively. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using the SAS MIXED procedure. Differences between the dietary treatments were tested using three orthogonal contrasts: 1) N vs. others, 2) KV vs. KVR + KVRU, and 3) KVR vs. KVRU. The bulls were fed the experimental diets from 217 days of age to slaughter at 562 days of age. There were no significant differences in the total DM intake (kg DM/d) between treatments. Due to higher energy intake, the live weight gain g/d and carcass gain g/d of the bulls were faster in the N diet compared to the whole-crop diets (p<0,07 and p<0,03). Protein supplementation had no effects on growth performance among the whole-crop treatments even though in the KV diet PBV was below the Finnish recommendation. Treatments had no significant effect on the dressing proportion but the carcass conformation score and fat score of the N bulls were higher (p<0,06 and p<0,003) compared to the whole-crop bulls. There were no differences in the carcass traits among the whole-crop barley diets. The feed conversion rate (DM intake kg/live weight or carcass gain) of the bulls was better in the N diet than in the whole-crop diets, but protein supplementation had no effects on feed conversion rates. It can be concluded that replacing well digestible grass silage with whole-crop barley silage decreased the carcass gain of the bulls due to lower energy intake and poorer feed conversion rate. However, the fairly high carcass gain (618 g/d) of the wholecrop bulls indicates that grass silage could be totally replaced by whole-crop barley in the diet of dairy bulls. Protein supplementation had no effects on animal performance among the whole-crop treatments even though in the KV diet PBV was below the Finnish recommendation. This indicates that recommended PBV for growing cattle above 200 kg live weight could even be reduced without adverse effects on gain.
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(2019)Finland's latest government program outlines Finland's role as an ecologically sustainable leader in mitigating climate change and safeguarding biodiversity. In addition, the aim is to support investments promoting nutrient recycling and to improve Finland's protein self-sufficiency, which is currently only about 15%. The aim of this study is to explore the suitability of meat-and-bone-meal (MBM) for organic rapeseed farming. Rape and rapeseed are the most important protein crops grown in Finland, excluding cereals and grass. In addition, this study explores the effects of three different undergrowth plants on the quantity and quality of rapeseeds harvest. Undergrowth plants play an important role in organic farming, since they may improve soil nutrient management, combat weeds, and promote biological nitrogen fixation if pulses are used. The undergrowth plant is sown on the parcel at the same time as the main crop and is often left to grow after the harvest of the main crop. In addition, this study aims to explore which undergrowth plant would be best suited for use with MBM fertilizers. Rapeseed (Brassica rapa, oleifera group) is a cruciferous oil plant and a subspecies of turnip. Rapeseed is used as a raw material for edible oil and for animal protein feed. Like oil plants in general, rapeseed is a nutrient-demanding plant. Organic rapeseed is sown in early June, when the soil temperature is 15-20 degrees celsius. At that time the seedlings start to grow so strongly that the fleas do not have time to destroy them. Organic rapeseed can be fertilized using livestock manure or other organic fertilizers such as MBM. MBM is a highly nutrient-containing by-product of the slaughtering industry. It contains nitrogen and phosphorus and is rich in trace elements and therefore has a good fertilizing effect. The experimental part of the study explored the fertilizer properties of MBM and MBM product in terms of yield and quality of spring rapeseed. Slurry and non-fertilized screens were used as reference data. In addition, the experiment explored the effects of different undergrowth plants. The undergrowths used in this study were Italian ryegrass, white clover and Persian clover. The experimental part consisted of two randomized quadratic tests, conducted in 2006 and 2007 at MTT's Research Center in Karila, Mikkeli. I have received the research data ready for analysis. I have analyzed both years crop yield amount (in 9% humidity), the amount of oil, the amount of nitrogen and protein production, as well as in concentrations as in total amounts (kg/ha), so that the explanatory variables are fertilizers and undergrowth plants. Particularly the MBM product obtained the highest qualitative yields in both the year 2006 and 2007 tests for all criteria, excluding the oil content. However, in 2006 the oil content exceeded the criteria for edible oil. There were no statistically significant differences found in total yields between different fertilizers in 2006. In the 2007 trial, MBM fertilizers proved to be at least better than the non-fertilized screen, but the difference compared to slurry was not statistically significant. Based on these results, it can be said that MBM and MBM product are good fertilization alternatives for organic rapeseed, at least if the rapeseed is used for feed. No interactions with the undergrowth plants were found for MBM and MBM product. From the 2007 trial it can be concluded that Italian ryegrass is not suitable for undergrowth of rapeseed as it reduces both the quantity and the quality of the crop. No other statistically significant observations were made for other undergrowth plants.
Now showing items 1-2 of 2