Browsing by Subject "veren glukoosipitoisuus"

For patients with type 1 diabetes maintaining normal blood glucose concentration and avoiding hypoglycemia during physical activity can be difficult. Diabetes may also affect other physiological responses related to exercise, e.g. local muscle oxygenation. Right preparation for exercise and carbohydrate consumption during exercise could help type 1 diabetics to perform physical activity as recommended. The objective of this exploratory study was to compare the effects of water, sports drink and blackcurrant juice on blood glucose concentration, oxidative stress and muscle oxygenation in type 1 diabetic and healthy men during moderate intensity aerobic exercise. Five type 1 diabetic and six age-matched healthy men (age18–45 y) participated in the study. The volunteers performed three 1 h exercise tests on cycle ergometer at their previously measured aerobic threshold intensity. During the tests, the subjects drank in randomized order a total of 0.13 dl/kg of water, sports drink or blackcurrant juice. The sports drink and juice contained carbohydrates 5.8 g / 100 g. Capillary blood glucose, whole blood reduced and oxidized glutathione (a marker of oxidative stress), plasma nitrate and nitrite (a marker of nitric oxide) and local active and inactive muscle oxygenation (by near infrared spectroscopy) were measured. In addition, alveolar gas exchange and cardiac output were measured. Exercise sessions of type 1 diabetics were stopped if capillary blood glucose declined below 5.0 mmol/l. Statistical analysis were performed using general estimation equations. Results were considered significant if p<0.05. Capillary blood glucose concentration in type 1 diabetics declined with each drink (p<0.05). The concentrations before and after cycle ergometer exercise [mean (standard deviation)] were: water 9.44 (2.27) and 5.76 (3.05) mmol/l, sports drink 7.58 (1.46) and 5.74 (1.43) mmol/l and juice 7.96 (1.15) and 5.62 (0.82) mmol/l. One or more of the tests of three diabetics had to be stopped (all the trials, the water and sports drink trial and only water trial). Blood glucose declined more during water trial compared to carbohydrate drink trials (p<0.05). In healthy men, blood glucose concentration did not change during exercise tests. In healthy men and in type 1 diabetics, active muscle oxygenation index indicated that oxygenation was maintained better when juice was drank compared to sports drink (p<0.05). Also oxy- and/or deoxyhemoglobin concentration changes differed in the same way as oxygenation index between juice and sports drink in diabetics (p<0.05) and between juice and water in healthy men (p<0.05), but in pairwise comparisons these results were significant only in some single time points. None of the muscle oxygenation responses differed between healthy and diabetic subjects. Plasma nitrate and nitrite did not differ between the drinks or study groups. The glutathione results could not be interpreted as some of the blood samples had to be rejected. During moderate intensity exercise, it is challenging for type 1 diabetics to maintain blood glucose concentration within safety limits. Nevertheless, blood glucose concentration will decline less if a drink containing carbohydrates is consumed instead of water. Further studies considering type 1 diabetes, nutrition and exercise have to be carried out and this trial may offer some valuable assistance for planning such work.