Browsing by Subject "1930-luku"

The aim of this study was to make a quantitative map inventory of the amount of temporal and spatial changes in meadow area in Finland during 1925-1992 and to make an estimation of the total amount of meadows in Finland in 1980’s and in the beginning of 1990’s. The environmental factors were also evaluated in the same areas. Initially this reseach was a part of FIBRE program. In the temporal study the area values of meadows and environmental factors were studied in three time steps: in 1930’s, 1960’s and 1980’s The oldest data from 1930’s were collected from black and white parish maps 1:20 000 and the two younger phases from base maps 1:20 000. The study area of the temporal change study was 7 500 km² and the mean areal coverage was 4,4% of the 11 studied provincial areas. North Karelia, Kainuu and Lappland were not included in this temporal change study as there were not available the oldest parish maps in these areas. The studied areas were Uusimaa, Lounais-Suomi, Häme, Pirkanmaa, Etelä-Savo, Pohjois-Savo, Keski-Suomi, Länsi-Suomi, Pohjois-Pohjanmaa and Åland. In the larger sample study of the meadow area in 1980’s in Finland the aim was to get an estimate of the total meadow area in Finland that time and also search for the differencies between different areas – which areas still contain most meadow hectares and which is the proportion between meadow hectares and studied surface area or proportion between the land area and meadow area or the relation between acricultural field hectares to meadow hectare amount. This larger study contained 14 provincial areas and the study area was 26 000 km² and the mean study coverage was 12 %. In the study 315 base maps 1.20 000 were inventoried – the meadows were counted hectare by hectare from the maps. The results showed that the largest changes in meadow area hectares took place already between 1930 and 1960. The biggest proportional declines were in the areas were the initial hectare amounts were highest at the start. A significant result was that the total area of meadows in Finland was not so low as estimations have given reason to expect. In this large study many areas had still left a third of the 1930 meadow hectares, in the best areas even 40% in the 1980’s and in the beginning of 1990’s. Although also in this study there were places were 99% of the original hectares of meadows were all vanished – from the hundreds of hectares were left only 2-10 hectares. Of the studied areas the most rich in meadows was Åland throughout all the three studied time steps. Other meadow high areas were Lounais-Suomi, Pirkanmaa and Keski-Suomi in the 1930’s, Pirkanmaa, Pohjois-Pohjanmaa and Häme in the 1960’s and Länsi-Suomi, Uusimaa and Lounais-Suomi. For the total amount of meadow hectares in Finland this study gives estimates: 680 000 – 980 000 hectares in the 1930’s, 330 000 – 475 000 hectares in the 1960’s and 275 000 hectares in the 1980’s.