Browsing by Subject "Gaussian Free Field"

The Ising model is a classic model in statistical physics. Originally intended to model ferromagnetism, it has proven to be of great interest to mathematicians and physicists. In two dimensions it is sufficiently complex to describe interesting phenomena while still remaining analytically solvable. The model is defined upon a graph, with a random variable, called a spin, on each vertex. Other random variables may be defined as functions of spins. A classic problem of interest is the correlation of these random variables. A continuum analogue of the Ising model is possible through considering the scaling limit of the model, as the graph taken to approximate some domain e.g. in the complex plane or a torus. The core of this work is an exposition upon one method of calculating correlations of a random variable called a fermion defined in terms of spins and disorder random variables. The method is called Bosonization and associates correlations of some random variables to correlations of the Gaussian Free Field (GFF). The GFF is a random distribution, which approximately functions as a gaussian random variable whose covariance structure is given by Green's function. A result known as the Pfaffian-Hafnian identity is covered, to provide an example of an identity which may be derived using Bosonization on a continuum planar Ising model. A similar result is also presented on the Torus, using elliptic functions. These results are not original, but we present the only -- to us -- known explicit proofs based on hints from others. In the latter half of the work, Bosonization is approached using Random Current representation. Random currents give weights to each edge of the graph of the Ising model. Two other models are introduced: Alternating flows and the Dimer model. There are equivalence relations between the configuration of the Ising model, the Nesting Field of a random current and the height functions of an alternating flow and a dimer cover. Using these, correlations of random variables of the Ising model are given in terms of the height function of the Dimer model. The height function of the Dimer model is a discrete analogue of the GFF.