Browsing by Subject "Imatra"

The aim of this study was to research surface water-groundwater interactions and groundwater flow directions with stable isotopes of water, dissolved silica, d-excess, electrical conductivity, pH and temperature in the Vesioronkangas groundwater area in the city of Imatra, South-Carelia. Elevations of groundwater pipe heads existing in year 2015 were measured and connected to N2000-elevation system, and their coordinates were checked. Groundwater levels were measured, and pipe coordinates checked in the summer of 2015. Water samples were collected in the late winter of 2016 and temperature, pH and electrical conductivity of the samples were determined on site with YSI multiparameter probe. The samples were analyzed in the University of Helsinki laboratory during the spring and summer of 2016. Stable isotopes δ18O and δD were analyzed with Picarro L1115-i device and dissolved silica with Agilent 4100 device. Electrical conductivity was measured again in the laboratory after heating the samples. In the cluster analysis, the water samples formed three groups that were already detectable on the basis of the stable isotope composition of the water and other physical and chemical variables: surface waters, groundwater-influenced surface waters/mixed waters and groundwaters. Maps and flow and structural modellings of the groundwater area were created with QGIS and TopoDrive programs and it seems that there is no hydraulic connection between Lake Saimaa and Lake Immalanjärvi even if there is a bedrock fracture zone. Groundwater flows to many directions in the area, almost all compass points.