Browsing by Subject "forecasting"
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(2023)Nowadays power consumption is a hot and actual domain. Efficient energy consumption allows you to use resources from the environment wisely and, moreover, switch to alternative energy sources where it is possible. This thesis is aimed at analyzing elevator’s power consumption data (average per every 5 minutes and 1 hour). The data has been gathered for several years, so it is a time series. This thesis includes review of time series models, which then can be used for the consequent analysis. Main directions are forecasting power consumption, capturing trends and anomalies. In addition, time series data may also be used for calculating average power consumption for each elevator inside the elevator group. As an outcome, spread of the power consumption across 4 elevators inside the elevator group may be seen. One of the thesis’ goals is to check whether it is even or not.
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(2020)Efficient estimation and forecasting of the cash flow is an interest of pension insurance companies. At the turn of the year 2019 Finnish national Incomes Register was introduced and the payment cycle of TyEL (Employees Pensions Act) changed substantially. TyEL payments are calculated and paid monthly by all of the employers insured under TyEL after January 1st 2019. Vector autoregressive (VAR) models are one of the most used and successful multivariate time series models. They are widely used with economic and financial data due to the good forecasting abilities and the possibility of analysing dynamic structures between the variables of the model. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether a VAR model offers a good fit for predicting the incoming TyEL cash flow of a pension insurance company. With the monthly payment cycle arises a question of seasonality of the incoming TyEL cash flow, and thus the focus is on forecasting with seasonally varying data. The essential theory of VAR models is given. The forecast abilities are tested by building a VAR model for monthly, seasonally varying time series similar than the pension insurance companies would have and could use for the particular prediction problem.
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(2022)Determining the optimal rental price of an apartment is typically something that requires a real estate agent to gauge the external and internal features of the apartment, and similar apartments in the vicinity of the one being examined. Hedonic pricing models that rely on regression are commonplace, but those that employ state of the art machine learning methods are still not widespread. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate an optimal machine learning method for predicting property rent prices for apartments in the Greater Helsinki area. The project was carried out at the behest of a client in the real estate investing business. We review what external and inherent apartment features are the most suitable for making predictions, and engineer additional features that result in predictions with the least error within the Greater Helsinki area. Combining public demographic data from Tilastokeskus (Statistics Finland) and data from the online broker Oikotie Oy gives rise to a model that is comparable to contemporary commercial solutions offered in Finland. Using inverse distance weighting to interpolate and generate a price for the coordinates of the new apartment was also found to be crucial in developing an performant model. After reviewing models, the gradient boosting algorithm XGBoost was noted to fare the best for this regression task.
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