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Browsing by Subject "sustainability"

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  • Managing software engineering with sustainability goals – a literature review 
    Sokka, Jari (2024)
    Introduction: The need for sustainable development across sectors, including ICT, is essential today to conserve natural resources, maintain biodiversity, and ensure basic living conditions for everyone. Despite growing awareness and regulatory initiatives, software engineering practices lag in integrating sustainability. This gap highlights the call to develop software engineering to embrace sustainability principles, challenge is increasingly recognized but not yet resolved. Objective: To bridge the knowledge gap in software engineering, by identifying key concepts, methodologies, and challenges related to the integration of sustainability into software engineering. Methods: A systematic literature of academic literature with an automated search was conducted. The review included studies published between the year 2011 and 2023. The review covers 31 papers. Results: Integrating sustainability into software engineering is complex and varies widely across different contexts, as sustainability dimensions are dynamic and context-dependent. This complexity hinders the establishment of universal characteristics and underscores the need for common standards. Despite the numerous models for integrating sustainability, there is no direct solution for how to efficiently integrate sustainability into software engineering. The focus of these models tends to be more on the development of sustainable software rather than on the sustainability of the processes themselves, which limits their ability to support comprehensive integration. Additionally, various risks and challenges in integrating sustainability have been identified, with the lack of standardization as one of the biggest challenges at the moment. Conclusions: To effectively achieve sustainability in software engineering, it is crucial to integrate sustainability aspects comprehensively across the entire organizational structure, including development teams, management, and supporting departments.
  • Plasmonic-catalytic Nanoparticles for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction 
    Mofakkharulhashan, Md (2024)
    The development of active, stable, and cost-effective electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is paramount for the large-scale deployment of hydrogen based clean energy technologies. Despite its apparent simplicity, the HER serves as a bridge between fundamental electrocatalysis research and practical catalyst design. Water splitting, a highly efficient and environmentally friendly method for hydrogen production, necessitates a stable, active, and abundant catalysts. While platinum (Pt)-based materials reign supreme in acidic electrolytes for their exceptional HER efficiency and durability, their scarcity and high-cost limit their widespread application. This study introduces a strategy to decrease the Pt loading in the catalyst by developing nanoparticles containing an ultralow Pt loading supported on tungsten oxide (W18O49). Remarkably, the activity of this developed system approaches that of commercially available 20% (wt.) Pt/C catalysts, even with a noble metal content of less than 2 wt.%. Notably, the optimal sample, Pt1.6/W18O49 (containing 1.6 wt.% Pt), demonstrates a superior Tafel slope and requires a mere 46 mV overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm-2. This work suggests that catalyst design and controlled synthesis can promote the HER and facilitate faster electron transfer even at low Pt loadings. This system exhibits exceptional stability, maintaining its performance for over 24 hours without significant degradation. This synergistic approach, employing minimal Pt supported on a W18O49 matrix, paves the way for addressing real-world challenges in hydrogen production.

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