Browsing by Author "Moilanen, Laura"

The thesis deals with discourses and experiences of positive parenting and ‘mother love’ in Somaliland within the context of Save the Children’s development intervention called the Parenting without Violence common approach and its parenting advising component, the positive-parenting sessions, aiming at reducing violent and humiliating punishment that children may face in their homes. The study aligns with the anthropological approaches to global development that emphasise the importance of paying attention to the multiple ideas, identities, social roles and social relations of different development actors. Through the theories of caregiving of children, motherhood, human development, personhood, governmentality, social orders and social change, the study explores the Save the Children’s policy discourses and the experiences of different development actors as they encounter and interact in some real-life situations and negotiate the diverse meanings around positive parenting and ‘mother love’, what they mean and how they are achieved. This study rests on discourse analysis of the Save the Children’s policy material as well as ethnographic fieldwork carried out in the space and facilities of the Save the Children’s country office in Hargeisa, Somaliland, during the period of one month in August 2021. Predominately, the study is based on semi-structured interviews of eight Somali mothers who had taken part in the positive-parenting sessions and three Somali community mentors who facilitated the sessions. By looking into the Somali mothers’ experiences of motherhood, the thesis contributes to the anthropological discussion about the intertwined concepts of mind, body, self and emotions. Furthermore, it seeks to point out how the emotional and embodied experiences of motherhood connect with the wider social structure in Somali context. The study suggests that the approach to human development and caregiving of children that Save the Children reproduces might be quite different from the ideas, morals and norms of the local communities, where the positive-parenting sessions are implemented. By the means of parental self-reflection, self-control and parenting advising, the positive-parenting sessions play out as a form of governmentality in a neo-liberal world, attempting to shape subjectivities and to manage the conduct of caregivers. The Somali mothers’ accounts indicate that their concept of the self is much more socially related than the Western individual concept of the self, upon which the ideological and theoretical foundations of the positive-parenting sessions are built on. Save the Children’s positive-parenting sessions, as a form of parenting advising, reflect individual mentality and they attempt to intervene with the patterns of human development, parental behaviour and emotional expression. The study argues that the Save the Children’s positive-parenting sessions’ development ideas are transferred into practice instrumentally by using Somali culture and Islam as resources for the project aims. However, when the Save the Children’s policy discourses are negotiated by the different development actors at the grassroots level, the ideas of positive parenting and ‘mother love’ achieve quite ambiguous and multiple meanings, along with the complex theorisations of culture and religion. The study shows that people live among multiple social orders and people can resist, appropriate and adopt different caregiving approaches. However, the core idea of the study is that the cultural construction of personhood, and how an individual is oriented and related with social relationships and structure must be considered in development thinking and practice if the development interventions aim at understanding the diverse approaches to human development and caregiving of children in different cultural contexts.