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Browsing by Subject "Identification"

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  • Instrumental Variables as Tools of Identification : Evidence From a Replication Study 
    Hakula, Olli (2022)
    The research question that my thesis is based on is two-fold: on one hand, my goal is to investigate using instrumental variables in identifying the shocks in a structural vector autoregressive model, while on the other hand my goal is to replicate an already existing paper by Antolin-Diaz and Rubio-Ramirez, which uses narrative sign restrictions in identifying the shocks. Both methods are new, which makes the contributions that I am making relevant and interesting. The use of instrumental variables in economics has been hindered by the fact that one must be careful about the instruments that they use. Strong instruments have all the desired properties and present no issues when using them in identification, but if the instruments are weak, most of the inference measures are wrong and cannot be used in drawing conclusions. This is the contribution that the method proposed by Olea, Stock and Watson present, and I am using. Their method is robust to weak instruments as well, which enables a freer usage of instruments in identification of models. I am using two different instruments and the data that Antolin-Diaz and Rubio-Ramirez use in their paper. The main result of the comparison that I do is that the methods provide results that are distributed in a similar way, which indicates that the two methods are similar. The one difference was the existence of a price puzzle when using one of the instruments, and this is something that is investigated in detail, discussing about whether the existence of a price puzzle can be a feature of the model or if it is always an indication of the model in question being misspecified. I believe that my thesis provides support for both methods being used as they are confirming the results that they arrive at. I also conclude that my evidence can provide some more information about the price puzzle, specifically suggesting that in some cases the price puzzle can appear due to the monetary policy decisions of the decision-making authorities rather than due to the model being misspecified.
  • “Maybe people just need to be able to define themselves a bit more freely” – The meaning of queer and pansexual identity categories among self-identified queer and pansexual people 
    Sormunen, Minja (2023)
    The purpose of this dissertation is to examine how queer and pansexual self-identified people make sense of the concepts of ‘queer’ and ‘pansexual’. Based on interviews with queer- and pansexual-identified people, this study seeks to understand how and why the terms queer and pansexual are being used and what these terms mean for the individuals using them. By doing so, the study contributes to the lack of knowledge regarding why these two terms are gaining popularity in Finland. The study ultimately examines the distinct features of both queer and pansexual identity categories and explores the meanings of categories for identity-construction. Recent scholarship studying sexual identity categories has noticed that queer and pansexual identities have been gaining popularity among sexual and gender minorities and have increasingly been adopted over more traditional identities of lesbian, gay or bisexual. This shift is understood to be connected to the fact that traditional binary sexual categories are being challenged by broader non-binary sexual categories of, for instance, queer and pansexual. (see e.g. Callis, 2014; Morandini et al., 2017.) However, there is very little research examining this phenomenon in Finland. The research questions of this study are: 1. How and for what purposes do queer- and pansexual-identified people use the terms queer and pansexual? and 2. What kinds of tools of identity-building these categories are? This study suggests that pansexual and queer identity categories are different from each other in distinct ways. The term pansexual was mainly used to signify sexual orientation, whereas queer formed a significant identity category for the interviewees. Queer is a tool of identification that allows existing outside of a cis-heterosexual set of norms, enables identity to exist as fluid, complex, and multiple, and forms a community membership that creates feelings of safety and belonging

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