Browsing by Subject "Labour Market"
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(2023)This research investigates the intricate relationship between labour market institutions, in-come inequality, and welfare state typologies. Employing regression analysis, the study examines the influence of employment protection regulation (EPR), the tax wedge, and the unemployment rate on income inequality. The findings demonstrate a significant negative correlation between EPR and income divergence, suggesting that stricter labour protection is associated with reduced income inequality. However, the impact of EPR on inequality is contingent upon the employment rate and specific economic conditions. Surprisingly, a higher tax wedge is found to be linked to lower income inequality, contrary to previous research. The effect of the tax wedge on labour market outcomes varies depending on la-bour market conditions, and progressive taxation can contribute to decreasing income ine-quality. Additionally, the study reveals that the unemployment rate affects income inequali-ty through its interaction with labour market institutions. Countries with high unemploy-ment tend to benefit from stronger labour protection regulations, leading to higher labour market participation rates. Furthermore, the analysis compares different welfare state ty-pologies and their association with income inequality. The findings highlight that social democratic welfare states exhibit relatively low levels of income inequality, while con-servative and liberal welfare states display varying degrees of inequality. This study en-hances our understanding of the complex relationship between labour market institutions, income inequality, and welfare state typologies, underscoring the importance of consider-ing specific economic contexts and employment dynamics when designing labour market policies.
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(2024)This thesis studies the effects of the COVID-19-pandemic on the labour market transitions of Finnish service industry workforce. The pandemic and the actions taken to prevent the spreading of the disease created a recession through non-macroeconomic shocks which decreased demand for on-site services and drove a big portion of the service industry workforce to unemployment, mostly through layoffs. While a significant portion of this unemployment was resolved quickly, the remainder appeared to create more persistent and resilient problems in the labour market. This thesis shows through microeconomic data that the pandemic disrupted regular transitions to and from the service industry, particularly in accommodation and food services. The data will show that these disruptions affected female workers more, because the most affected professions were female dominated. It will also be shown that workers born in Finland were more vulnerable than immigrant workers due to the profession these groups tend to represent in Finland. Additionally, it will be shown that the pandemic's effects were more pronounced in the labour markets of bigger cities, but smaller cities had a more difficult recovery period. Some of the pandemic's effects and difficulties in recovery are explained by decreasing trend in retail and new crises, but the government restrictions and decrease in demand affected food and accommodation services the most.
Now showing items 1-2 of 2