Browsing by Subject "Railway transport"

Belt and Road initiative (BRI) has provided by the Chinese government's global infrastructure development strategy in 2013. The New Eurasian Land Bridge (NELB) is the core of the land route of BRI across Eurasia. The main purpose is to build the modern railway infrastructure lines in the Eurasian region. The thesis hypothesis NELB effectively strengthens the capacity of Russia and China for railway transport trade. It influences the further participation of China and Russia in Global Value Chains (GVCs). The study has used the Eora MRIO database on GVCs' output in China and Russia, which takes the data from 2000 to 2018 as a sample. It has combined with the World Integrated Trade Solution (WIST), World Bank and OECD database on the country's trade volume of the export sector and NELB-related indices. It has applied the combination of panel data and time series. The thesis has found that NELB contributed differently to China and Russia. In general terms of GVCs participation, NELB has absorbed Foreign direct investment (FDI) and Information and Communications Technology (ICT) input to China and Russia trade. NELB has benefited China by strengthening its soft infrastructure in financial investment. Moreover, it has benefited Russia's hard infrastructure in the railway transit stations or port establishment. In terms of bilateral trade on GVCs participation. It has conducted China's export and transport of large-scale machinery and equipment to Russia. It also has enhanced Russia's export and transport of energy materials or raw materials to China. Furthermore, NELB has shown the influence on the China and Russia's main export sectors' upgrading and governance in GVCs.