Browsing by Author "Tikkanen, Johanna"

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"Kaikki tahtoivat aina välttämättä puhella syödessään." : ruokailutilanteet ja ruokarutiinit Tove Janssonin muumikirjoissa

Tikkanen, Johanna (2014)

The main purpose of the study is to describe the social context of meal times and food-related routines in the Moomin books. Previous research has looked at what the Moomins are eating, but there are no studies about other dimensions of their eating. The research data was collected from eight Moomin books. One of them was a collection of short stories and the other seven were novels. The data includes all descriptions of meal times found in the books as well as scenes where food was discussed. In order to be included in the data, the scene had to include some member of the central Moomin family: Moominmamma, Moominpappa or Moomintroll. The nature of the study was qualitative and the data was analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. Family meals were the most frequently occurring meal type found in the data. During these meals, all of the central Moomin family along with their closest friends came together at the Moomin house to enjoy the company of family and friends and to discuss the news of the day. Another common meal format was having a packed lunch to bring to one of the Moomins' trips. Participating in these trips were usually all of the Moomin family along with friends or only Moomintroll with his friends. Generally, Moominmamma prepared all the meals. The results showed that the Moomin family had routines related to food and meal times. Moominmamma was normally the one responsible for the routines. When these routines were broken, the Moomin family fell into confusion. Fortunately, this did not occur often. The study showed that the family meals and regular routines had a positive influence on the well-being of the Moomin family.
Kuolinpesän osakkaiden vastuu yhteishallinnon aikana syntyvästä velasta

Tikkanen, Johanna (2022)

Pääsääntönä oikeudessamme on velkojen voimassa pysymisen periaate, jonka mukaisesti kuolema ei yleensä lakkauta henkilön velkasuhteita, vaan velkojilla säilyy kuolemasta huolimatta oikeus saada saatavalleen suoritus. Velat eivät kuitenkaan periydy, sillä oikeudessamme pääsääntönä on toisaalta myös jäämistöomaisuuden määrään rajoittuva vastuu. Tämä tarkoittaa sitä, että yleensä osakkaat eivät joudu henkilökohtaiseen vastuuseen perittävän veloista, vaan heidän tulee ainoastaan hyväksyä se, että kaikki jäämistöön kuuluva varallisuus menee tarvittaessa velkojen maksuun. Tässä tutkielmassa tarkastellaan sitä, millaisin perustein kuolinpesän osakkaat saattavat joutua vastuuseen yhteishallinnon aikana syntyvästä velasta. Oikeuskirjallisuudessa on käsitelty hyvin laajasti vuoden 2004 velkavastuusääntelyn uudistusta ja osakkaiden henkilökohtaista velkavastuuta sekä ennen uudistusta että sen jälkeen. Sen sijaan muita perintökaaressa tai muualla säänneltyjä perusteita, joiden perusteella osakkaat saattavat joutua velkavastuuseen, ei ole käsitelty kovinkaan kattavasti. Velkavastuusääntelyn uudistuksen vuoksi muilla velkavastuun synnyttävillä perusteilla lienee nykyisin suurempi merkitys sekä osakkaiden että velkojien kannalta. Nykyään perintökaaren mukaisesti osakkaiden vastuu yhteishallinnon aikana syntyneestä velasta saattaa olla seurausta toiminnasta, jonka johdosta jokin PK 21 luvun henkilökohtaisen velkavastuun synnyttävistä perusteista täyttyy. Ennen vuoden 2004 uudistusta osakkaat saattoivat joutua PK 21 luvun mukaisen henkilökohtaisen vastuun perusteella vastuuseen kaikista perittävän veloista varsin helposti, mutta uudistuksen jälkeen osakkaiden henkilökohtainen velkavastuu realisoituu ainoastaan poikkeuksellisesti. Toisaalta vastuu voi perustua myös PK 21:4:n, PK 18:7:n mukaiseen vahingonkorvausvastuuseen tai PK 21:6:n palautusvastuuseen. Edellä mainittujen perintökaareen perustuvien vastuuperusteiden lisäksi tutkielmassa tutkitaan sitä, voiko osakkaiden vastuu perustua myös muuhun kuin perintökaaren mukaiseen sääntelyyn. Esimerkiksi verolainsäädäntöön perustuen osakkaat voivat joutua vastuuseen muun muassa luovutusvoittoverosta ja kiinteistöverosta. Toisaalta vuoden 2004 perintökaaren uudistusta edeltävässä korkeimman oikeuden ratkaisussa KKO 1993:43 on arvioitu sitä, millä perustein osakkaat saattavat joutua henkilökohtaiseen velkavastuuseen kuoleman jälkeen erääntyneistä vuokraveloista. Huoneenvuokralain lähtökohtanahan on se, että osakkaat vastaavat perittävän vuokraveloista ainoastaan kuolinpesän omaisuudella. Tutkielmassa pohditaan myös sitä, voisiko osakkaille tietynlaisissa olosuhteissa seurata vastuu vuokraveloista passiivisuuteen perustuvan vastuun perusteella.
Lääkityksen ajantasaisuuden varmistaminen perusterveydenhuollon sairaalassa

Tikkanen, Johanna (2020)

Between 5% and 57% of patients experience an adverse drug event during their hospitalization. Reducing medication errors can help prevent adverse drug events. A particular risk for medication errors arises when a patient moves between home and care centers if accurate medication information is not transferred with the patient. Medication reconciliation is a process to ensure accurate and comprehensive medication information across transitions of care. The aim of the study was to find out how many and what kind of discrepancies can be detected by performing medication reconciliation in a primary care unit. In addition, pharmacists and nurses experiences of the medication reconciliation process and the medication reconciliation form were examined. Both quantitative and qualitative data were used in the study. Quantitative study data consisted of all Medication reconciliation forms (PASQ) completed in January-June 2014. Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods. The qualitative research material consisted of six individual interviews conducted in June 2014. The material was subjected to inductive thematic content analysis. Patients (n = 117) had a mean age of 81 years and almost all (n = 105) had at least six regularly used medications after medications were reconciled. Almost every patient (n = 115, 98.3%) had at least one discrepancy in their medication compared to the patient information system. On average, patients had seven discrepancies in their medication lists. The most discrepancies were associated with psycholeptics (9.5% of all discrepncies). The most common types of discrepancies were new drug (45.4% of all discrepancies) and discontinued drug (19.6%). Nurses and pharmacists saw the medication reconciliation process as an important part of successful patient care. Challenges associated with reconciling medications were caused by lack of time, the fragmentation of information systems and the health status of patients (information given by patients could not be trusted). Only one-third of the patients were interviewed, although international publications on medication reconciliation strongly emphasize patient involvement. The results of this study are in line with previous research and confirm the view that medication reconciliation should always be done across all transitions in care. The role of the patient as part of the medication reconciliation process should be further emphasized in the future, as only interviewing the patient can provide a true picture of the patient's medication.

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Browsing by Author "Tikkanen, Johanna"

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