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Browsing by Subject "energiapuuharvennus"

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  • Energiapuuhakkuut nuoren metsän hoitokohteissa : Vaikutukset puuntuotokseen ja metsänkasvatuksen kannattavuuteen 
    Lallukka, Hermanni (2012)
    Energywood harvesting is increasing strongly due to promotion of renewable energy sources. As a part of the development the use of energywood thinning will increase and become more diverse. Therefore it is important to know the effects of the operation on merchantable yield and on profitability of silviculture. The objective of the study is to detect those effects of mechanised energywood thinning in young stands. For economical calculations the moment for decision making is set to the moment of the thinning. 30 young stands were chosen for the study. For forecasting stand development stand parameters were measured from each stand. The study was limited to mineral soil and to stands where dominat species was pine (Pinus sylvestris) or spruce (Picea abies). The stands were situated in Finland in the regions of Häme-Uusimaa, Kaakkois-Suomi, Etelä-Savo and Keski-Suomi. Stand development was forecasted using MOTTI software developed by Finnish Forest Resource Institute. Future harvesting yields were forecasted separately for each stand and for three different management alternatives. The three alternatives were energywood harvesting in a dense young stand, indutrialwood thinning in a dense young stand, and a management chain according to the finnish silvicultural recommendations. With the predicted harvesting yields, annual yields and net present values were calculated. The effects of harvesting damages were examined by a literature overview. Managing stands according to silvicultural recommendations gave excpectedly the best result. A considerable increase in energywood price would be needed for the alternative of energywood harvesting to be competitive in pine stands. In spruce stands it is an economically viable alternative with relatively low energywood price. This is mainly due to high yields of deciduous trees in dense spruce stands. Energywood harvesting is a good alternative for managing dense young stands that have been left without or with insufficient precommercial thinning. In these cases energywood harvesting generally leads to better yields than an industrialwood thinning. However, with the energywood prices used in this study, industrialwood thinning leads to higher earnings. Differences between the alternatives are low and an increase in energywood price would quickly turn the situation in favor of energywood thinning. Forest type does not have a significant effect on the differences between the management alternatives. According to the inspections of Forestry Development Centre Tapio, there are more harvesting damages in stands managed by energywood thinning than by industrialwood thinning. Losses in growth and wood quality due to harvesting damages are however minor according to literature overview, and therefore have no significant effect on the results of this study.
  • Stora Enso Metsän kulta- ja hopeatähtiasiakkaiden metsäenergian myyntihalukkuus 
    Aalto, Anssi (2013)
    Bioenergy has taken over a significant role in Finnish society in the past decade. European Union’s joint climate targets, extreme natural phenomena, as well as the depletion of non-renewable resources and the rise in the non-renewable resources prices have increased the use of bioenergy almost a necessity. One of the best bioenergy sources is wood energy, which can be obtained from stumps, logging residues and from small tree harvesting in form of wood chips. Energy wood has become one of the timber assortments in the forest sector, but it must be remembered that the acquisition is strongly associated with the conventional industrial wood harvesting. There is lots of potential in the use and procurement of forest energy. Production of local energy from the nearby forests in the local energy plant provides employment for local people and brings tax revenue to municipalities. At the same time the forest industry gets timber and private forest owners’ receive income from managed forests. The forest energy’s future importance for the society cannot be understated. Objective of this study was to explore the Stora Enso Forest’s gold and silver star clients’ willingness to supply wood-based biomass for bioenergy and look for factors that affect the decision. In addition, it was explored if there would be new ways of marketing forest energy to the landowners. Stratified sample of Stora Enso’s client record was done for the study. From the record, 1000 landowners were picked and interviewed by telephone in the spring 2012. The questionnaire was answered by 609 forest owners and percentage response rate was 63. The respondents differed from the general forest owners' in such a way that they were older, owned major forest areas as well as the men were over-represented. The results indicate that the willingness to sell forest energy (68%) is clearly lower than the willingness to sell raw wood (94%) in the future, but the numbers of unaware (15%) is quite high. Forest owners' clear favorite of forest energy harvesting methods is energy wood harvesting, which was chosen as the best choice for 70 percent of the respondents. Equally clear is the harvesting method which was the most disliked, stump lifting. It was chosen as the best alternative by just over four percent. Forest owners' price expectations about energy wood are quite high. Only one-third of the forest owners are satisfied with the current price level, which is effected by state subsidies. Approximately 13 percent of respondents are out of the forest energy market completely because of unrealistically high price expectations. The rise of the forest energy price was also the biggest single factor to increase the willingness to supply wood-based biomass for bioenergy. In this study, forest owners are concerned about of climate change and they are hoping to increase the use of forest biomass for the energy production in Finland. Particularly the local use of wood chips was valued high. The majority of forest owners consider the sale of forest energy as a climate conservation act. There are a lots of information requirements, in particular related to energy wood harvesting. Many landowners are concerned about nutrient losses, harvesting marks and the forest energy pricing.

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