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Browsing by Subject "itseohjautuvuus"

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  • Purontaus, Nelli (2022)
    The purpose of this master’s thesis is to examine professional agency in self-managing work teams. The developmental processes focusing on work stress the ability to manage own work, therefore assessing these possibilities is essential to comprehend the ability of individuals and organizational structures to enable these demands. The theoretical framework is based on examining flexible and agile organizational structures, which emphasises self-management and self-managing teamwork as a focal part of the way flexible organizations operate. Furthermore, the theoretical framework consists of the theory regarding professional agency. The understanding of professional agency is based on a subject-centered socio-cultural approach. The research questions are 1) how do the interviewees describe their professional agency and 2) what kind of themes occur in self-managing teamwork that support professional agency? This thesis is a qualitative interview study, and the research material consists of eight employees’ interviews who work in self-managing teams. The analysis was carried out as a theoretically guided content analysis, in which the material was categorized as central themes. The results showed how professional agency in self-managing teamwork was described by directional factors, participation and inclusion, as well as the development of work and competence. The results also indicated how self-managing teamwork supported professional agency by the themes of developmental mentality, power structures, and the quality of work community dialogue. The interviewees had good opportunities to influence their work and participate in decision-making, but these were determined by the employees’ unprompted actions. Therefore, self-managing teamwork can be interpreted to support professional agency. However, taking in account the context-specific nature of self-managing teamwork and the complex nature of professional agency, further research is required to consider varying work communities.
  • Yrttiaho, Janica (2017)
    Objectives. Can individual differences in the way people manage their own lives (life management) be explained from the perspective of life history theory? Understanding these differences is important since life management has a great impact on the wellbeing of people. Life history theory has already been proven to explain many individual differences in the human cognition; this study aimed to expand this field of knowledge. Life history theory states, that the early-life environment of an individual shapes her life history strategies, adapting her to her environment. The events that serve as reminders of mortality in the environment of an individual (mortality cues) were hypothesised to activate different life history strategies in individuals with different childhood environments. This was hypothesised to be reflected as differences in life management. The study also sought to find out, if the observation that people can react differently to a similar mortality cue can be explained by their strategy's impact on their locus of control. Methods. The data used in this study came from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. The relationship between early-life environment (childhood socioeconomic status, SES) and life management (the Self-directedness scale in the Temperament and Character Inventory and two items concerning coping) was explored in the study. Regression analysis was used to analyse whether mortality cues moderated the relationship between SES and self-directedness. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse whether they moderated the relationship between SES and coping. Sample size was 2 103 for analyses concerning self-directedness (mean age = 31.48 years) and 773 for those concerning coping (mean age = 20.66 years). Results and conclusions. Individuals with lower childhood SES felt that things outside their control were influencing their life more than did those with higher childhood SES. Lower SES was also connected with lower self-directedness in general. The tendency to use one way of coping over another after facing the death of a friend or a family member seemed to depend on childhood SES. Individuals with lower childhood SES used more approach coping; those with higher childhood SES used more avoidance coping. Life history theory seems to be a relevant scientific framework for studying individual differences in life management. Differences in life management might help to understand why people with different backgrounds might react differently to a similar mortality cue. However, no interaction effect on life management was found between the other mortality cues used in the study and childhood SES. Sporadic incidences that are a natural part of life do not seem to activate life history strategies permanently. It is advised then, that especially when the activation of life history strategies is explored using an experimental study design, the results should be interpreted keeping in mind the possibility that single cues might only activate strategies temporarily.
  • Lonka, Suvi (2015)
    Previous studies show that personality can affect success at work. However, there have been relatively few prior studies on the relationship between success at work and certain personality traits, such as optimism and self-directedness. Current study examined the relationship between optimism, self-directedness and success at work in 3 to 10 years follow-up. Success at work was measured by unemployment status, income and occupational status. Women and men were analyzed separately as previous studies have reported gender differences in personality-success at work relationship. Furthermore, the results were examined after controlling the level of education. The hypothesis was that optimism and self-directedness would predict lower unemployment, higher income and higher occupational status. Participants were from the Young Finns study that began in 1980. There were in total 3596 participants aged 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 at the study baseline in 1980. In this current study 1576 participants (993 women, 583 men) were followed from 1997 to 2011 when they all were adults. Self-directedness was measured in 1997 and optimism in 2001. Unemployment and occupational status were reported in 2001, 2007 and 2011. Income was reported in 2007 and 2011. Results showed that optimism and self-directedness were associated with success at work. Low optimism predicted unemployment, especially in women. High optimism and high self-directedness predicted higher income and higher occupational status. However, the associations between self-directedness with income and occupational status weakened after the level of education was controlled. High optimism also predicted changes in income. When analyzing changes in income separately in women and men, the result was significant only in men. Thus it seems that optimism affects the career of an individual positively as optimists continuously find new opportunities to advance in their career and earn more money. In practice the results suggest to reflect that objective success at work might be improved by interventions that lead to improving skills in goal making and mindfulness.
  • Aschan, Tuulevi P. (2020)
    The study examines the manifestation of dignity and the relationship between dignity and survival in the documentary “Autolla Nepaliin – Unelmien elokuva” and in the charity project which was described in the documentary. As the project had achieved its aims, it was considered a success. The material used was the speech of the documentary, transcribed to text. The speakers were the project team as well as people who had experienced comparable issues as the project team. The study represented a qualitative research method. The material was analyzed by the means of theory-based content analysis. The study was based on self-determination theory, which claims person succeeds and feels better when psychological needs, ie autonomy, competence and relatedness are met (Ryan & Deci 2000, 68.) From the theory Martela (2015, 37–54) has derived the concept of the motivational diamond used in the study. It is divided into dignity and survival. Survival consists of acceptance and status as well as safety and resources. Relevance requires the realization of relatedness, contribution (doing good), competence and autonomy. Most observations were made of relatedness, which was evident in the four circles: insiders, related people, project-connected circle, and random people circle. Doing good turned out to be a planned dream of volunteering. Autonomy permeated the entire project and was reflected in ideas, enthusiasm and patient work. Alongside autonomy, responsibility emerged. Competence was realized as learning and development, as well as identifying skills, sources of strengths and barriers. Most of the survival material was related to safety and resources resources, including travel progress, equipment and health. Acceptance and status were realized in social media approvals which affected the accumulation of money. Emotions determined the relationship between dignity and survival, forming a dialogue between them. The project serves as a metaphor for working life projects and their success. It is necessary to identify and define the circles of relatedness, to consider the development of competence, the manifestation of autonomy and the possibilities of contribution. Although funders approve goals defining the project work, it is also worth setting a goal that is relevant to oneself. This also supports the achievement of the official goals.
  • Aho, Tommi (2014)
    Objective: Low-grade inflammation underlies a wide variety of long term diseases. Serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) is a widely used biomarker of inflammation. Its associations with different risk factors of inflammation e.g. psychological stress, depression and health behavior are well known. Previous research suggests that personality is a potential factor underlying several of these risk factors of inflammation. According to Cloninger's model of temperament and character, temperament trait harm avoidance is related to vulnerability for psychological stress and character trait self-directedness is related to maturation of personality and various aspects of well-being. However little is known about the relationship between these personality traits and inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether harm avoidance and self-directedness was able to predict changes on serum levels of CRP in prospective 11-year follow-up study design. Methods: The present study included 1191 participants (aged 35-50 years) from the longitudinal and population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns -study (CRYFS) started in 1980. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between CRP and personality dimensions harm avoidance and self-directedness assessed by Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in 2001 and 2012. CRP levels from 2012 assessment were used as a dependent variable and mean scores from 2001 and 2012 studies of harm avoidance and self-directedness were used as independent variables in analysis. CRP levels from 2001 were used for baseline adjustment of CRP. Other covariates adjusted in analysis were assessed in 2012. Results and conclusions: The results showed that only self-directedness was weakly associated with serum levels of CRP, partly contrary to prime hypothesis. However, the main finding was that neither harm avoidance nor self-directedness predicted changes on serum levels of CRP over eleven years after adjusting CRP baseline and covariates. The current findings are mainly inconsistent with previous research. These findings suggest that harm avoidance and self-directedness are not independent risk factors of inflammation from an epidemiological perspective.
  • Kosonen, Pirjo (2015)
    The ageing of population and workforce has major economic and social consequences for Finnish society. The aging, over fifty years old, workers are the largest age group on the labor market. The aim of this Master's Thesis is to understand work-efficacy and expertise of aging workers through their own accounts and descriptions of work, professional ability and development opportunities. The work and the knowledge of seniors are the research themes of this study. The research questions concerning work were: What are the impacts of age and experience on work-efficacy from the seniors perspective? What kind of plans and possibilities do seniors have for developing their work and advancing and their career? The research questions concerning expertise were: What are the impacts of age and experience on professional knowledge from the seniors perspective? How seniors build up professional knowledge and expertise? The research is qualitative and the data was produced by semi-structured interviews. The nine interviewees were ageing personell of communal technical sector. The method of this research was theory bound content analysis. The research concepts were based on social cognitive self-efficacy theories of Albert Bandura and critical theory of self-directed learning of Jack Mezirow. In the frame of this study these theories guide and structure the analysis of learning, self-directiveness, and professional developmental potential and possibilities of senior adults. The findings of this study showed that the age and experience increase efficacy and interest in developing work and expertise. Developing capabilities and expertise in rapidly changing environment requires proactivity, self-directiveness and critical reflection of working and learning. In the case of the aging workforce aims of lifelong learning are relalized. From the perspective of ageing personell networking and benchmarking are seen as the most efficient way of developing work and regenerating learning in the workplace. Seniors develop their work and expertise actively. As the retirement age approaches the developing efforts are sifted from advancing one's own expertise and career to developing of the work and knowledge of the organization. Transferring the knowledge and expertise of seniors to younger members of organization is also important. The research findings are noteworthy because the potential of aging workforce and value of their expertise is not yet fully understood and appreciated. Supporting and enhancing aging workers efficacy, learning and development is important from the seniors own point of view but also essential for Finnish competitiveness and society.
  • Klemetti, Sinituulia (2022)
    Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate how flipped learning could be utilized in teaching mathematics in primary school from fourth to sixth grade. Another aim of this study was to examine the benefits and challenges of utilizing flipped learning in teaching mathema-tics from the perspective of both the teacher and the pupil. Flipped learning is a pupil-oriented learning culture which involves supporting the development of autonomy and self-determination of the pupil. Flipped learning enables individual learning pace and also utilizes collaborative learning. Flipped learning investigated in this study has been marginally studied as the majority of flipped learning studies focus on examining flipped classroom method. Methods. This study is a qualitative case study. The participants in this study were class teachers who had utilized flipped learning for the past five years as well as one pupil who had been in flipped learning utilizing class for the past three years. The research material was collected by conducting theme interviews and the results were analyzed with theory-based content analysis. Results and conclusions. The mathematics class investigated in this study utilized flipped learning by means of digital games and weekly achievement plan. The pupils made progress at their own pace and studied in small groups. From the point of view of both the teachers and the pupil, the benefits of flipped learning in this study turned out to be well-being and school satisfaction, the development of studying skills, collaborative learning, clarity of lear-ning objectives and increased motivation. From the point of view of the teachers, the challen-ges presented themselves in maintaining a peaceful working environment as well as concern for the proactivity of the pupils when in need of assistance. From the point of view of the pu-pil, the challenge of flipped learning method appeared as stress involved with scheduling the studies and matching the weekly achievement plan. It can be concluded from these results that in the class investigated in this study, flipped learning resulted in more benefits than chal-lenges although some of the pupils experienced the responsibility involved in flipped learning as burdensome.
  • Hanse, Lucie (2022)
    Maahanmuuttajataustaisten lähihoitajaksi kouluttautumisessa kietoutuvat yhteen monet ajankohtaiset yhteiskunnalliset ilmiöt. Hoiva on ollut arvostamatonta työtä, ja hoivapulan myötä on edetty kohti maahanmuuttajien ohjaamista alalle, sen sijaan, että työehtoja parannettaisiin. Lisäksi ammatillinen koulutus on nostattanut huolta siitä, millä ehdoin sieltä voi valmistua. Samalla nais- ja maahanmuuttajavaltaiset alat muodostavat työmarkkinoiden alaluokan. Tämä on tutkielman yhteiskunnallinen konteksti, jota vasten somalitaustaisten naisten lähihoitajaksi kouluttautumista peilataan. Tutkielman aineisto koostuu viidestä saman lähihoitajakoulun käyneistä somalitaustaisten naisten haastatteluista. Aineistoa analyysi pohjautuu aineistolähtöiseen grounded theory -menetelmään, jota on kuitenkin täydennetty yhdellä työvaiheella eli jäsenkategoriatasojen lisäämisellä. Tutkimus antaa tietoa siitä, miten haastateltavat päätyivät lähihoitajiksi ja mikä merkitys työlle annetaan nykyisenlaisessa yhteiskunnallisessa järjestyksessä. Lisäksi se antaa tietoa siitä, minkälaista on lähihoitajaksi opiskelu, ja mitä sen aikana opitaan. Tulosten mukaan tiedonpuute tai ristiriitainen tieto vaatii opiskelijoilta vahvaa toimijuutta. Itseohjautuvuuden vaatimus näyttäytyy haastateltaville niin, että heitä pidetään vastuussa sellaisistakin asioista, joihin he eivät voi vaikuttaa. Tällaiset käytännöt, jotka voidaan nimetä institutionaalisen rasismin ilmentymiksi, heikentävät opiskelijan tunnetta siitä, että häntä arvostetaan ja että hän voi luottaa kouluinstituutioon. Haastateltavia yhdistää sama somalitausta, joka on Suomessa erityisen leimattu. Haastateltavat ovat sekä Suomessa syntyneitä että tänne myöhemmin muuttaneita, mikä antaa hyvän kokonaiskuvan siitä, millä tavoin etnisyys näyttäytyy kouluttautumisessa. Yhtäältä opiskelijoiden eri kielitaidot vaikuttavat siihen, kuka hyväksyy ymmärtämättömyytensä, ja uskaltaako pyytää apua. Toisaalta maahanmuuttajakategoria näkyy instituutioiden käytänteissä tukea tarvitsevana taakkana, sillä koulutus on näennäisestä monikulttuurisuudesta huolimatta suomalaisuuteen kasvattaja. Työelämässä etnisyys näkyy ennakkoluuloissa ja rasismin kohtaamisina, joihin ei kuitenkaan puututa, vaan selviämistä varten täytyy jälleen rohkaistua puhumaan vääryyksistä ja painottaa omia oikeuksia. Selviytyäkseen haastateltavat ovat saaneet tukea omilta verkostoiltaan koulun ulkopuolella. He joustavat, raatavat, poissulkevat, ja hakeutuvat paikkoihin, joissa he voivat tehdä töitä yksin tai hyväksyvässä työympäristössä. Tämä kaikki vaatii valtavan määrän tunnetyötä, mikä on lähtökohtaisestikin yksi lähihoitajan tärkeimmistä kompetensseista.
  • Colliander, Vilja (2022)
    Tutkimus käsittelee mielenterveyskuntoutujille suunnatussa klubitalossa toimivia tavoitetoreiksi kutsuttuja ryhmätapaamisia. Tapaamisissa keskustellaan niihin osallistuvien mielenterveyskuntoutujien ja ryhmänohjaajien tavoitteista. Tutkimuksessa selvitetään, millaista tavoitteellisuuden ihannetta tapaamisessa konstruoidaan. Klubitalon toimintaa ohjaavat toipumisorientaation arvot, jotka vertautuvat osittain motivaatioteorioihin kuuluvan itseohjautuvuusteorian painottamiin inhimillisiin tarpeisiin. Näitä peilataan Michel Foucault’n hallintateorialle rakentuviin Nikolas Rosen ajatuksiin itsehallinnasta. Teoreettisena viitekehyksenä tutkimuksessa toimii sosiaalinen konstruktionismi ja diskursiivinen psykologia sekä hallintateoria. Aineisto koostuu videoiduista tavoitetoriksi kutsutuista tapaamisista. Tunnin mittaisia tapaamisia on yhteensä kuusi. Tapaamiset ovat vapaaehtoisia. Niihin osallistuu vaihtelevasti 2–3 klubitalon henkilökuntaan kuuluvaa ohjaajaa sekä 4–8 jäsentä. Tapaamisilla sekä ohjaajat että jäsenet täyttävät tavoitteita koskevaa kysymyslomaketta ja keskustelevat tavoitteistaan. Tutkimuksessa kysytään, millaista tavoitteellisuuden ihannetta ja tavoitteiden asettamisen ja toteuttamisen prosessia klubitalon työntekijät konstruoivat puheessa ja puhetekojen kautta esitellessään omia tavoitteitaan ja kommentoidessaan mielenterveyskuntoutujien eli klubitalon jäsenten tavoitteita tavoitetoritapaamisissa. Analyysimetodina toimii keskustelunanalyysi ja näkökulmana analyysissa diskursiivinen psykologia. Analyysissa hyödynnetään ammatillista vuorovaikutusta ja ryhmänohjausta koskevaa kirjallisuutta. Aineiston perusteella todetaan, että klubitalon jäseniä kannustetaan muotoilemaan tavoitteita itse omien arvojen tai motivaation pohjalta. Ohjaajat korostavat tavoitteiden henkilökohtaisuutta ja asemoivat tavoitteet yksilön oman asiantuntijuuden ja vastuun alueelle. Ohjaajat korostavat vapaaehtoisuutta ja tavoitteiden henkilökohtaisuutta, mutta saattavat ohjata sekä välitavoitteiden että pitkän aikavälin tavoitteiden asettamisessa. Jäseniä ohjataan kohti konkreettisia toimia. Ohjaaminen on hienovaraista ja tapahtuu esimerkiksi kysymysten tai uudelleentulkintojen kautta. Ohjaajat luovat myös malleja jäsenille kertomalla omista tavoitteistaan. Tavoitteiden ei tarvitse koskea työllistymistä, eikä tavoitteissa edistymiselle aseteta odotuksia. Vaikka tavoitetori perustuu vapaaehtoisuuteen, jäseniltä odotetaan halua asettaa itselleen tavoitteita ja osallistumista tavoitteita koskevaan keskusteluun. Jäseniä autetaan sisäistämään tavoitteellisuuden tekniikoita erilaisin vuorovaikutuksellisin keinoin sekä tavoitelomakkeen kysymyksenasettelun kautta. Ohjaajat eivät pyri muokkaamaan jäsenten tavoitteiden tai unelmien kohdetta vaan tapoja, joilla he pyrkivät saavuttamaan niitä. Tavoitteellisuuden ihanne, joka tavoitetorilla rakentuu, vertautuu itseohjautuvuusteorian painottamiin inhimillisiin tarpeisiin, omaehtoisuuden, kyvykkyyden ja yhteenkuuluvuuden kokemuksiin. Itseohjautuvuusteoria voidaan nähdä uusliberaalin itsehallinnan työkaluna, joka tuottaa tavoitteellisia subjekteja.
  • Kurikka, Johanna (2019)
    The research develops a teaching method to increase students' self-direction in handicraft education. The purpose is to determine whether regular exercise of mindfulness increases the self-direction of the students. Research has emerged from the need for practice. Previous studies have shown that mindfulness affects self-directedness. Mindfulness is associated with better performance-oriented self-direction (Howell & Buro, 2011). Mindful-ness exercises develop children's concentration, stress management, self-directedness and self-awareness. In addition to self-directedness, mindfulness promotes socio-emotional un-derstanding and positive attitude. (Schonert-Reichl & Lawlor, 2010.) The study was conducted as a qualitative desing-based research. Ten seventh grade students participated in the study. The study involved an 8-week conscious presence intervention in craft education. The data were collected by observing students during the interventi-on and by a self-direction questionnaire before and after the intervention. The analysis was carried out as a theory-based content analysis. The analysis used an observation diary and a self-directed questionnare based on Alanen's (2014) self-directed themes. These themes include mastering the language of the craft, taking responsibility for the craft process, courage in action, and working fluency. The intervention in the study had a positive impact on the students' work flow. According to the study, the mindfulness exercises had a positive effect on the start of the students' craft classes. Pupils began to work in a more self-directed way after practicing mindfulness exercises. Based on this, exercises can be used in craft teaching to streamline the beginning of lessons. This study could not reliably determine the effect of the exercises on the students' self-directedness other than on board the lessons.
  • Tammi, Elisa (2019)
    Organisaatioiden kohtaama työelämän murros on luonut painetta kehittää johtamista muuttuvassa toimintaympäristössä. Tämä muutos on tuonut työn ja sen vaatimukset lähelle yksilöä, jonka toivotaan hyödyntävän työssään omia henkilökohtaisia resurssejaan ja omaa subjektiuttaan. Uudenlaista työtä kuvaavan subjektivoituneen työn ja sen tekijän johtamiseen on kehitetty erilaisia malleja, joista myös julkisen puolen organisaatiot ammentavat toiminnassaan. Malleissa pyritään johtamaan sisäisesti motivoitunutta, itseohjautuvaa työntekijää, jolloin myös työn ongelmat kohdataan yksilötasolla. Tässä tutkielmassa tutkitaan kyseistä muutosta heijastavaa Helsingin kaupungin sosiaali- ja terveystoimialan uudistettujen palvelujen johtamismallin kolmea ydintekijää, yhteistä työtä, itseohjautuvuutta, sekä sisäistä motivaatiota, mallia toteuttavien kotihoidon hoitajien näkökulmasta. Kiinnostuksen kohteena on, miten kotihoidon hoitajat määrittävät ja arvottavat ydintekijöitä, sekä millaiseksi heidän toimijuutensa rakentuu suhteessa mallin ydintekijöiden esittämään toimijaan. Näihin kysymyksiin vastaaminen edellyttää laadullista lähestymistapaa. Työssä teoreettisena lähtökohtana on relationistinen sosiaalipsykologia, jossa todellisuus ymmärretään sosiaalisesti rakentuvana. Tutkielman avulla voidaan ymmärtää johtamismallin ydintekijöiden hahmottumista kotihoidon hoitajien puheessa, sekä mahdollisia ristiriitoja, jotka tulee käytännössä huomioida mallin implementaatiossa. Tutkimuksen metodologiana on laadullisen asennetutkimuksen lähestymistapa, jossa tarkastellaan sosiaalisena suhdekäsitteenä ymmärrettyä asennetta. Asenteiden ilmaisun funktioiden tulkintaa täydennetään positiointiteorian toimijuuden analyyttisella käsitteellä. Keskeiset analyyttiset käsitteet ovat asenne, sekä toimijuus, jotka ymmärretään tutkielman relationistis-konstruktionistisen metateorian mukaisesti sosiaalisissa prosesseissa rakentuvina, eikä yksilön sisäisinä ominaisuuksina. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostuu 9 kotihoidon työntekijän haastattelusta. Puolistrukturoiduissa haastatteluissa kaikille haastateltaville esitettiin samat 9 väittämää, joihin pyydettiin haastateltavien kommentteja argumentaatiota sisältävän aineiston tuottamiseksi. Väittämät perustuivat johtamismallin käsikirjaan ja johtamismallin mittaamiseen tarkoitettuun johtamismittariin, joilla kuvataan ja mitataan kolmea ydintekijää. Haastateltavat esittivät väittämiin kannanottoja ja perusteluja, joiden ryhmittelyn perusteella oli tulkittavissa laadullisesti 23 erilaista asennetta. Analyysissä edettiin laadullisen asennetutkimuksen metodologiaa noudattaen luokittelevasta analyysista tulkinnalliseen, jossa asenteiden tulkitsemisen jälkeen niiden funktioita tarkasteltiin toimijuuden käsitteen avulla. Tulokset osoittavat, että kotihoidon hoitajat asennoituvat ydintekijöihin eri tavoin riippuen niiden määritelmästä. Kokoavasti tulkiten ydintekijöitä arvotettiin myönteisesti silloin, kun hoitajat ymmärsivät niiden tarkoittavan esimerkiksi työhön kuuluvia, pakollisena näyttäytyviä asioita, työstään pitämistä sekä muiden osoittamaa arvostusta kotihoidon työtä kohtaan. Sitä vastoin ydintekijät arvottuivat kielteisesti, kun hoitajat ymmärsivät niiden tarkoittavan ylimääräistä aikaa ja jaksamista vaativia asioita, sekä esimerkiksi tarpeetonta muutosta ja ainoastaan asiakkaiden mieltymysten toteuttamista. Verrattuna tutkielman määritelmään kyseisistä tekijöistä, ydintekijät näyttäytyvät varsin erilaisina. Toimijuuden analyysin perusteella hoitajat positioivat itsensä sekä aktiivisiin että rakenteiden vuoksi non-agenttisiin positioihin suhteessa mallin ydintekijöiden tavoittelemaan toimijuuteen. Rakenteiden vuoksi hoitajat positioivat itsensä pakotettuina toimimaan ydintekijöiden mukaisella tavalla. Rakenteet saattoivat myös estää toimimasta sisäisesti motivoituneen, aktiivisen toimijan tavoin, jolloin hoitajat positioivat itsensä estyneeksi mallin ydintekijöiden mukaiseksi toimijaksi. Omia intressejä palvelevaksi toimijaksi positioituessaan hoitajien oli mahdollista rakentaa itselleen ydintekijöiden mukaisen toimijan positio, jolloin toiminnan päämiehenä on yksilö itse. Toisaalta, mallin mukaista toimijuutta myös vastustettiin. Hoitajat positioivat itsensä asiakkaan etua päämiehenään palvelevina toimijoina, minkä kanssa ydintekijöiden mukainen toimija näyttäytyi ristiriitaisena. Lisäksi hoitajat saattoivat positioida itsensä toimijoiksi jollain muulla kuin ydintekijöiden tavoittelemalla tavalla, palvellen päämiehenä itseään ja omia intressejään. Kotihoidon hoitajat ymmärtävät johtamismallin ydintekijät hyvin eri tavoin. Yhteistä työtä tekevän, itseohjautuvan ja sisäisesti motivoituneen työntekijän positio ei näyttäydy täysin ongelmattomana kotihoidon hoitajille, joiden toimijuutta ohjaa erilaiset päämiehet sekä rakenteet. Tutkimus antaakin johtamismallin implementaatioon tärkeän työntekijöiden näkökulman, joka kytkeytyy myös laajempaan kontekstiin muuttuvasta työelämästä.
  • Hanelius, Essi (2020)
    The purpose of this study was to find out how the employees of one HR service organization perceive the organizational culture within the organization. This study focuses on their perceptions of self-direction and coaching-based leadership, which are emphasized in organization’s strategy. The theoretical framework of this study consists of work-life change and the concepts of control, self-direction and coaching-based leadership. This study is a qualitative study which research material consists of seven interviews of HR consultants working in Company X. The interviews were held in the spring of 2020 part of them held face to face and part of them via the Internet. The analysis was done by using phenomenography. The change in society and working life seems to be the basis to the fact that self-direction and coaching-based leadership are underlined in Company X’s strategy. Coaching-based leadership and self-direction seem to increase well-being at work, work motivation and work efficiency. Themes related to freedom, responsibility and control are highlighted in HR consultant’s perceptions of self-direction. Freedom is associated with more responsibilities and self-directed employees control their work, but the work is also directed by external factors such as different targets and frames. In this study it became clear that also self-directed employees need support and guidance in their work. Leaders are expected to support and facilitate their subordinates. The idea of coaching-based leadership was considered beneficial but some of the HR consultants felt that the supervising in the company actually wasn’t coaching based. The resources of leaders were perceived as the biggest challenge of coaching-based leadership in Company X. When changing the organizational culture there should be adequate resources and a collective understanding of the new way of working so that the change wouldn’t remain only at the rhetorical level.
  • Kosonen, Vilma (2023)
    Objectives. During the last couple of years, the challenges of early childhood education in terms of work engagement and staying in the field have emerged even more acutely. In particular, there’s a great shortage of qualified early childhood education teachers. This study aims to find out which factors affect early childhood education teachers' work engagement. Previous studies show the connection between teacher well-being and work engagement to the realization of high-quality early childhood education. Internal motivation is a part of coping at work and work engagement. The theoretical background of this study is based on Richard. M. Ryan’s and Edward. L. Deci's Self-Determination Theory. According to the theory, people have three basic needs: achieving a sense of competence and the experience of autonomy and relatedness. The research aims to find out whether these are realized in the work of the early childhood education teachers who answered the research questionnaire. In addition, we will look at which factors support teachers at work, whether teachers are allowed to carry out their work as they wish, what kind of work environment supports their work, and what thoughts teachers have about changing fields. Methods. The research is a qualitative survey. The research material was collected using an electronic questionnaire. Some of the questions on the form were numerical, using a Likert scale to find out the fulfillment of the basic needs of the self-determination theory, and some were open-ended. 148 early childhood education teachers answered the form. The material was analyzed using discourse analysis. The answers were divided according to the research questions into three main groups: Factors that support work and challengers to work implementation, The importance of work environment, and Early childhood education teachers' thoughts about changing fields. Results and conclusions. The research revealed that there are many challenges in the work of early childhood education teachers that challenge engagement. Resources, the role of the director, cooperation in the work community, the team and with parents, professionalism and structures are factors that support the work, but the challenges and shortcomings that appear in these, in turn, cause exhaustion and fatigue. In addition, early childhood education teachers are frustrated by the lack of appreciation from society. However, the teachers experienced a strong sense of competence, autonomy and a sense of relatedness in their work. However, most of the early childhood education teachers who participated in the study had thought about changing fields and named numerous reasons for it, which means dissatisfaction with the things that are not in order (such as sufficient resources, salary and a peaceful work environment).
  • Vauhkonen, Eveliina (2016)
    Work has become more and more expertised and complex, leading to a situation where best knowledge of the issues is dispersed wider in the organization. Implementation of work has changed towards more versatile, emphasazing individual's agency at work and learning. Thereby, the transition of power and responsibility for each employee is seen as important. These changes at work requires examining work-based learning in a new light. Need for this research arose from organizational change towards self-directing operating model. This demands to think individual's role and responsibility about their own learning and development. Research problem consisted of how experts learn in their work and what is the role of agency in learning. Results will help to better understand the development of organizational knowledge processes and expert work. Theoretical framework examines key theoretical concepts of learning, understanding impact of changes in the work and agency's role for learning. The study was conducted using a theme interview for ten employees, who operate in hybrid expertise roles in the organization. The data was collected at the turn of the year 2015-2016 and analyzed with content analysis. The units of analysis consisted from the nature of the job, learning practices and agency in professional development. The results showed that the working environment has a strong orientation to learning and informal learning played an important role. In addition, the results showed a different agency in relation to professional development. Others defined their learning objectives very actively and others were more adjusted to the possibilities offered by the organisation. Learning, however, was more individual than shared. The results demonstrate the need to modify the learning environment in the way it takes into account the different individuals from the perspective of learning. In practice, change to self-directing model requires that everyone takes responsibility to de-fine the shared and individual learning needs. As a conclusion the organization should provide a wide range of learning and influence channels, to support both individual and shared agency in learning and professional development.
  • Luts, Lore-Eliisa (2021)
    The COVID-19 pandemic has had a large impact on higher education students’ life and studying. Due to the pandemic students had to move into distance learning and this might have had a significant impact on students’ psychological basic needs and study engagement. The aim of this study is to examine differences between students’ gender, age and the stage of studies in psychological basic needs and study engagement. This study also examines the impact of psychological basic needs on study engagement. Earlier research indicates that gender, age, and the period of studies have an impact on psychological basic needs and study engagement and psychological basic needs are positively connected to study engagement. Data of this study has been collected in the autumn of 2020 and it is a part of the research carried out by Educational Sciences’ of University of Helsinki’s research unit. The data was collected anonymously from students from various faculties using an online form. The data included 1476 participants of which 1202 were women (81,4%) and 236 were men (16,0%). Age of the participants varied between 18 and 44. In this study the study engagement was measured by the version of school engagement scale originally developed by Salmela-Aro and Upadyaya (2012) and the psychological basic needs were measured in the framework of the self-determination theory. Gender, age and period of studies were used as background variables. The results of this study indicated that over 25 years old students showed higher study engagement, autonomy and competence than under 25 years old students during distance learning. Men showed a little more autonomy than women and first year students showed more both study engagement and all psychological basic needs than students in the later stage of studies. The results also indicated that psychological basic needs positively predict study engagement. The results of this study help to understand the importance of impact of psychological basic needs on study engagement. In the future it would be useful to think how the student’s psychological basic needs could be supported and maintained during distance learning.