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  • Källbacka, Mai (2024)
    Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur pedagoger ser på regler som en viktig del av förskolans vardag samt hur reglerna utformas i samarbetet med vårdnadshavarna. Regler är någonting oundvikligt på förskolor där gruppen består av flera barn och vuxna. Eftersom alla barn har en unik hemmiljö kan reglerna som finns hemma skilja sig från förskolans regler. Oavsett detta förväntas barn utveckla förmågan att anpassa sig till de regler som gäller på förskolan. För studien användes en kvalitativ forskningsansats i form av halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Intervju deltagarna bestod av tre pedagoger som jobbat inom samma enhet. Som analysmetod av det transkriberade intervjumaterialet användes innehållsanalys. Resultatet av studien visar att pedagogerna reflekterade och diskuterade reglerna utförligt både tillsammans med barnen och personalen. Reglerna strävades efter att göras till någonting positivt. Genom positiv förstärkning samt upprepning upplevdes barnen lära sig reglerna. Nya regler under verksamhetsårets gång infördes sällan utan noggrann diskussion. Vårdnadshavare informerades om reglerna och de erbjöds ett forum för att diskutera, men de har begränsat inflytande över reglernas utformning. Vidare visade resultatet att barnet påverkades av hemmiljön i form av hur mottagliga barnen är till förskolans regler. Respekt för både hemmets och förskolans regler uppfattades som viktigt. Resultatet indikerar att regler ute på gården inte utformas tillsammans med barnen, vilket kan vara ett utvecklingsområde för pedagogerna.
  • Lallukka, Pinja (2019)
    Aims. According to recent studies on working conditions (2013) 44% of employees have encountered workplace bullying. In addition to this, there has been a constant increase in the number of workplace related bullying cases during the last 20 years. The aim of this thesis was to examine elementary school principals and their perceptions and observations on work place bullying that they have encountered in their work community. As the definition of workplace bullying is so wide and complex, it was important to identify how principals understand the concept of workplace bullying. It was also studied how many principals had interfered with bullying incidents and how they had handled those situations. Methods. The research data was gathered by sending a questionnaire to 86 principals working in elementary schools in Helsinki. Eight answers were received. The study was a qualitative study but it also included quantitative features eg. the conduction of the survey and data collection methods. The subject of the study was quite delicate so the survey was carried out anonymously. Results and conclusions. The definitions of workplace bullying varied among respondents. Principals described many forms and features of bullying and they interfered with bullying in various ways. Many of the respondents felt that they were unable to resolve some of the bullying cases they encountered. Other studies have also made similar observations: there are very few ways to effectively interfere with workplace bullying. However, some of the respondents had never experienced or encountered workplace bullying in their work environment during their whole career. The reason behind the lack of workplace bullying cases in these schools was explained by the amount of work principals had put into building a positive and healthy work environment.
  • Ikäheimonen, Ada (2018)
    In today's performance-driven society time pressure is strongly present, and it has been increasing in work life during the last decades. One of the key factors affecting the well-being at work for Finns is time pressure and high workload, which has been confirmed by various studies. According to previous studies, time-pressure has negative impact on employee well- being. The purpose of my research was to examine the experiences and views of time pressure and well-being at work in a recruiting company. In addition, the aim was to find out whether the time of recruiting work experience affects the interviewees' responses. I studied a recruitment company qualitatively by interviewing three employees working in the recruitment team. As a theoretical framework, I used the Job Demand-Resources (JD-R) -model to analyze the results of my data. The JD-R -model takes into account job demands and job resources. In this study, time pressure was used as a job demand, and the possibility to affect of work and the independence of work were used as job resources. In my study I found that each of the interviewees experienced time pressure in their work every week. Each interviewees stated that they had tight schedule at work and high workload has negative effect on the quality of work. The workload varied among each interviewees and they had different opinions whether time-pressure was on weekly basis or not. In addition, the study showed that interviewees ability to affect on work description and work hours were seen as job resources. Time pressure is often spoken very negatively. Although each interviewee experienced time pressure at a weekly level and this has been shown to affect well-being at work, this did not appear in my data. The interviewees are really satisfied with their job and the company. Interviewees well-being at work is significantly influenced by the experience of work relevance, good working atmosphere and colleagues.
  • Tallberg, Emma (2019)
    This study is based on the increasing cultural diversity that takes place in Finland and that puts a lot more pressure on the Finnish school system. The study is grounded on previous articles that have studied the effects of an integrated religious education when it comes to pupil’s understanding towards each other and the forming of their own identity. The aim with this study is to with an integrated review find out if and how an integrated religious education would be of a positive change for the pupils and the society, and how that education would be arranged to support everybody. The study is based on previous articles. These articles have been gathered via an integrated review, where a systematic review also takes place. The articles have had to be about the Finnish school system, with a few exceptions for examples taken of a Swedish and Canadian context. When analysing the articles, a content analysis has been used. The results show that an integrated religious education would support the equality amongst pupils, support the integration of immigrants in the school system as well as in the society and support the student’s identity development. This would also come to have a positive impact on the society because of the broad cultural understanding the students would have developed. As the common subject for the integrated religious education, this study concluded that ethics would be the main subject because of its neutral content.
  • Niitamo, Ilona (2018)
    The purpose on this study was to find out how to prevent children´s social exclusion in kindergarten, how to teach and lead children`s peer interaction and what kind of signs in child behaviour and action indicate a possible risk of social exclusion. Social exclusion is a complex concept and it is thought to be a long- term process where human drifts to the edge of society. For this reason, studying social exclusion for young children has been limited. There is a need for information how to support from the very beginning in order to increase wellbeing and to prevent social exclusion. In their earlier studies Laine and Neitola have found that social exclusion from peer group begins already in the early years. As a research material I used three kindergartens teachers’ interviews. The nature of this study is qualitative, and the method of collective data was semi-structured theme interviews. The material was analysed by content analysis. The result of the research showed that the learning and guiding social and emotional skills as well as children participation and equality in the kindergarten peer group are the best ways to prevent social exclusion. Learning peer interaction skills was seen as an important part of everyday life and it was clearly invested in each group. Peer interaction skills was especially supported in children`s play. Besides learning and expressing emotional skills was considered an important part of the peer interaction. The behaviour and action that indicates the risk of being excluded proved to be extreme behaviour. Especially the result showed that children who behaved aggressively or withdrawingly were in the risk group of exclusion. Weak social and emotional skills seem to be behind for children who are risk of exclusion.
  • Sirkanoja, Tara (2023)
    Problematisk skolfrånvaro är ett mångfacetterat problem som kan leda till långvariga konsekvenser. Därmed är det viktigt att hitta lämpliga strategier för att på bästa sätt kunna stödja närvaron. För att lyckas med det måste vi känna till riskfaktorerna. Syftet med denna avhandling var att identifiera riskfaktorer som kan leda till problematisk skolfrånvaro. Utifrån syftet formades följande forskningsfråga: Vilka riskfaktorer beskrivs i forskningslitteraturen om skolfrånvaro? Studien utfördes som en systematisk litteraturstudie där sju vetenskapliga artiklar och en utredning av svenska staten analyserades. Alla de valda materialen behandlade riskfaktorer till problematisk skolfrånvaro. Resultaten tydde på att problematisk skolfrånvaro orsakades av flera faktorer. De vanligaste orsakerna till att eleven inte var närvarande berodde på psykiska besvär, som till exempel depression och ångest. Andra vanliga orsaker till frånvaron var föräldrarnas psykiska ohälsa och att eleven inte fick tillräckligt med stöd i skolan.
  • Linna, Laura (2016)
    Objectives. During the last decades and curriculums the teaching of history in elementary school has changed. Student´s ability to use historical knowledge has become more and more important. This has also influenced on the schoolbooks. The purpose of this study is to analyze the information schoolbooks from different decades give from Crusades, events that are far away from student’s everyday life. The main focus is to analyze the historical reasons and means of historical empathy given in these schoolbooks. Methods. The schoolbooks chosen to this study were Muinaisuudesta nykyaikaan (1970), Historia 6 (1993) and Aikamatka maailman historiaan (2004). The schoolbooks were chosen from different decades, because the interest was also on the change of their content. The chapters about the Crusades were analyzed on what and how they told about historical reasons behind the Crusades and how they enabled historical empathy. This study was theory bound qualitative study. Gained information was analyzed using content analysis and discourse analysis. It was also attached to the wider theory of historical consciousness. Results and conclusions. The reasons given to the Crusades varied on the schoolbooks. The oldest schoolbook gave the least amount of reasons and the reasons given were general. The discourses found on the schoolbooks were the discourse of church, the discourse of appearance and the discourse of identification and emotions. These results reflect the change in the teaching of history and its curriculum.
  • Peltola, Inka (2020)
    Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tutkia Ritva-Liisa Pohjalaisen suunnittelemia Finnairin lentohenkilöstön virkapukuja. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan, mitä virkapukujen ominaisuuksilta vaaditaan ja miten Finnairin lentohenkilöstön virkapuvut heijastavat suomalaista designperintöä. Aiempaa tieteellistä tutkimusta Finnairin lentohenkilöstön asuista ei ole juurikaan tehty, mutta kansainvälisissä tutkimuksissa on tutkittu lentohenkilöstön asuja muun muassa niiden ominaisuuksiin, ulkonäköön ja käyttäjän kokemuksiin liittyen. Tutkimus toteutettiin kuvailevana kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Aineistoa käsiteltiin laadullisesti, jotta tutkimuksen aiheesta saatiin muodostettua laaja kokonaiskuva. Ainestoa kirjallisuuskatsausta varten kerättiin sekä suomen- että englanninkielisillä hakusanoilla mm. Finnan, Helkan ja Heldan tietokannoista sekä Finnairin kotisivuilta. Lopulliseen aineistoon valittiin tarkasteltaviksi kolme kansainvälistä artikkelia ja tutkimusta, yksi kotimainen väitöskirja ja kaksi haastattelua. Näistä julkaisuista etsittiin tietoa lentohenkilöstön virkapuvuista, niiden ominaisuuksista ja ulkonäköön vaikuttavista tekijöistä. Aineistosta etsittiin tietoa myös suomalaiseen designperintöön liittyen. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen perusteella oleellisimpia vaadittavia ominaisuuksia lentohenkilöstön virkapuvuille ovat funktionaalisuus, joustavuus, rentous ja helppohoitoisuus. Aineiston haastattelujen perusteella näitä samoja ominaisuuksia vaaditaan myös Finnairin lentohenkilöstön virkapuvuilta, joiden suunnittelussa Ritva-Liisa Pohjalainen panosti lisäksi erityisesti ergonomiaan ja turvallisuuteen. Tutkimissani julkaisuissa korostui etenkin kotimaan kulttuurin ja luonnon merkitys lentoyhtiöiden visuaalisissa konteksteissa, kuten lentohenkilöstön virkapukujen esteettisissä ominaispiirteissä. Tämänkaltaiset yksilölliset tunnuspiirteet toimivat ennen kaikkea keinona erottautua muista lentoyhtiöistä. Suomalaisen luonnon ja kulttuurin merkitys liittyy vahvasti myös suomalaiseen designperintöön, joka puolestaan ilmenee tietynlaisina väreinä, muotoina ja ominaisuuksina (mm. funktionaalisuus ja selkeät, puhtaat linjat sekä pohjoismainen väripaletti), jotka heijastuvat myös Ritva-Liisa Pohjalaisen suunnittelemissa Finnairin lentohenkilöstön virkapuvuissa.
  • Brooks, Elina (2016)
    The aim of this thesis is to survey the experiences of Helsinki University students’ web- based musical studies. The goal is to find out if the web-based concept works in music studies, that traditionally are directed by a teacher, who gives feedback, personalized assignments and corrects student performance. On the other hand instruments have been learned to play by copying and independent studies. Though, even then, meeting with other artists that play the same instrument have been an important and inspiring factor. In recent years there has been a lot of web-based study and teaching material alongside traditional music education. For example, through YouTube many educational videos for specific skills are available for all. Alongside YouTube and other similar web-sites entire music education learning environments are starting to emerge. I have examined a Finnish web-based music school, Rockway. The goal has been to survey what sort of experiences students had involving the teaching material, user friendliness and quality of teaching. When compared to traditional contact teaching the largest difference has been the lack of direct feedback. Is it possible to assess ones own performance, for exam- ple has a song been played right, or how are students finger position or playing mistakes noticed and corrected? The second subject of study has been to find out how Rockway web-learning environment works as part of other studies or as a sole form of independent musical studies. Methods. Seven behavioral science students participated in the pilot survey. They participated by filling an e-survey that I had created. I have presented the pilot surveys results quantitatively with frequency charts, which the open answer descriptions reinforce. Results and conclusions. The students where relatively satisfied with the web-learning service. They felt that Rockway page was easy to use and that they improved in their instrumental mastery and were given tools to assess their own musical skills. However a portion of students emphasized that web-based studying can never fully replace contact teaching.
  • Stützle, Nina (2022)
    Pyrin kandintyössäni löytämään polkuja maahanmuuttajataustaisten lasten ja nuorten erityisluokkasijoitusten yliedustuksen juurille kuvailevan kirjallisuuskatsauksen avulla. Yliedustusta on Suomessa tutkittu kovin vähän, vaikka se on silmin havaittavissa. Tasa-arvoa uhkuvaan koulueetokseemme mahtuu ainoastaan erityisluokkien “lapsen edun” näkökulma, vaikka segregaation ongelmat ovat varsinkin maailmalla laajalti tunnustetut. Katsaukseni aineistossa yhdistävänä tekijänä oli kasvatustieteellinen ote sekä eksplisiittinen rodun – tai rodullistamisen käsitteen käyttö teoria- ja/tai tulkintakehyksenä. Etsin aineistostani viitteitä rodullistamisen prosessin yhteydestä kyvyttömyyden (dis/ability) tuottamiseen. Ableismi oli mielestäni tähän oiva teoreettinen viitekehys. Ableistisissa prosesseissa toisen ihmisen (miksei eläimenkin?) olemista; taitoja, tietoja ja toimintaa arvioidaan suhteessa kuviteltuun kaikkivoipaan ja kyvykkääseen (“able”) ideaali yksilöön tai - yhteisöön (Campbell, 2019), joka Suomalaisessa kontekstissa ja aineistossani määrittyy “suomalaisuudeksi” (Juva, 2019). Prosessissa tuottuu diskursiivisesti ideaalin tavoittamattomille erilaisia “kyvyttömyyksiä” merkiksi ulkopuolisuudesta. Samassa prosessissa kuva ideaalista piirtyy näkyväksi; vasten esimerkkiä, mitä se ei ole. Rodullistamisen ja ableismin teoreettiset yhteydet ovat ilmeiset. Myös analyysini perusteella aineistossani esiintyvillä rodullistamisen prosesseilla tuotettiin sen kohteille vino pino kyvyttömyyksiä nimenomaan suhteessa kuviteltuun “suomalaisuuden” ideaaliin. Pidänkin katsaukseni päätuloksena myös aineistossani tulkittavissa olevan rodullistamisen ja ableismin prosessien selkeää yhteyttä ja sen tarjoamaa mahdollisuutta tutkia myös rodullisuutta nimenomaan kykyjä ja ennen kaikkea kyvyttömyyksiä tuottavana mekanismina.
  • Roivainen, Neea (2023)
    Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvata peruskoulussa ilmenevää eriarvoisuutta rodun ja sukupuolen näkökulmista seuraavilla tutkimuskysymyksillä: Millaisia rodullistavia ja sukupuolittavia käsityksiä ja käytäntöjä esiintyy suomalaisessa peruskoulussa aiemman tutkimuskirjallisuuden perusteella? Millaisia seurauksia näillä käsityksillä, rakenteilla ja käytännöillä on kiusaamisen, syrjinnän ja osallisuuden kokemuksille? Tutkimuksen teoreettisina lähtökohtina ovat rodullistamisen ja sukupuolittamisen prosessit sekä niiden tuottaminen peruskoulussa. Näiden lisäksi tutkimuksessa hyödynnetään myös intersektionaalisuutta yhtenä lähestymiskulmana aiheesta käytävään keskusteluun. Crenshawn (1989) mukaan rodun ja sukupuolen välisen niveltymiskohdan tutkiminen auttaa ymmärtämään syrjintää, joka ei palaudu ainoastaan sukupuoleen tai rotuun, vaan niiden yhteisvaikutukseen. Tarkastelukulma on erityisen tärkeä, sillä peruskoulussa on havaittu hierarkkista erottelua niin etnisen taustan (ks. esim. Riitaoja, 2013) kuin myöskin sukupuolen (ks. esim. Öhrn, 2019) perusteella. Tutkimus toteutettiin kuvailevana kirjallisuuskatsauksena, joka on metodiltaan integroiva. Aineisto koostuu keskeisiin käsitteisiin liittyvistä ja tutkimuskysymykseen vastaavista tieteellisistä artikkeleista, opetushallinnolle ja valtiolle tehdyistä selvityksistä sekä neljästä pro gradu-tutkielmasta. Aineisto rakentuu yhteensä 53:sta tutkimuksesta ja selvityksestä, ja se järjestettiin temaattisesti ja analysoitiin abduktiivisen sisällönanalyysin keinoin. Tutkimuksesta ilmeni, että koulu tuottaa ja toistaa yhteiskunnassa vallitsevia normatiiveja. Rodullistavia ja sukupuolittavia normatiiveja tukivat opettajien käsitykset, opintosuunnitelma, oppimateriaalit sekä koulun toimintatavat. Rodullistamisen ja sukupuolittamisen seurauksena koulun sisään muodostuu erilaisia valtapositioita. Käytännössä nämä ilmenevät ulkopuolelle sulkemisena, kiusaamisena sekä eriarvoistavana kohteluna. Oppilaat tulevat siis koulussa kohdatuksi ulkoapäin määritellyn rotuunsa sekä sukupuoleensa perustuvan luokittelun mukaan. Tutkimustulokset huomioon ottaen opettajat sekä muut kasvatusalan ammattilaiset ja -päättäjät tarvitsevat enemmän koulutusta yhdenvertaisuusteemoista. Tämän saavuttaminen vaatii esimerkiksi opettajankoulutuksen sisältöihin muutoksia.
  • Raduma, Katri (2022)
    Tiivistelmä - Referat - Abstract Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastelen mikroaggressio-käsitteen avulla sitä, kuinka rodullistamisen prosessit ilmenevät suomalaisessa varhaiskasvatuksessa. Tutkimukseni tavoitteena on selvittää, millaisia rodullistettuihin kohdennettuja mikroaggressioita (racial microaggressions) perheet kohtaavat varhaiskasvatuksen asiakkaina, kuinka he niihin reagoivat sekä mikä auttaa heitä selviytymään kokemuksistaan. Mikroaggressiot ovat toistuvia, jopa päivittäisiä sanoja, katseita ja tekoja, jotka ovat niin kyseenalaistamattomasti integroituneet arjen vuorovaikutustilanteisiin, että välillä niiden rasistisuutta on vaikea havaita (Sue, Capodilupo, Torino, Bucceri, Holder, Nadal & Esquilin, 2007b, s. 273). Tyypillistä mikroaggressioille on, ettei valtaväestöön kuuluva useinkaan tiedosta, millainen merkitys hänen asenteellaan ja ennakkoluuloillaan voi olla. Tarkoituksena ei välttämättä ole loukata, mutta merkitystä on sillä, miten se vaikuttaa heihin, jotka joutuvat mikroaggressioiden kohteeksi. Aiemmat tutkimukset osoittavat, että rasismia esiintyy tyypillisesti kodin ulkopuolella, myös varhaiskasvatuksessa. Suomen ulkopuolelle ulottuvat juuret tuottavat yksilöille monenlaisia erilaisuuden kokemuksia verrattuna ikätovereihin. Ihmiset saattavat tiedostamattaankin uusintaa ajattelutapoja ja toimintamalleja, joilla tuotetaan rasismia. Tästä syystä mikroaggressioiden tietoiseksi tekeminen on siis myös tärkeä osa sitä prosessia, jonka avulla rasismitietoisuutta voitaisiin lisätä Suomessa. Tutkimus on laadullinen ja se toteutettiin teemahaastatteluna, johon osallistuneet henkilöt (5) kerättiin lumipallo-otannan avulla. Tutkimukseen osallistui vanhempia, joiden lapsi kuuluu näkyvään vähemmistöön, ei-valkoisiin ja on tai oli ollut lähivuosina varhaiskasvatuksessa Suomessa. Tutkimus osoitti, että varhaiskasvatuksen asiakkaat kokevat rodullistettuihin kohdennettuja mikroaggressioita usealla tavalla. Suomalaisuus ja valkoisuus ajatellaan usein synonyymeiksi. Mikroaggressioita kokevat reagoivat kokemuksiinsa vaihtelevasti, jotkut aggressiivisesti puolustautuen, jotkut passiivisesti tyytyen kohtaloonsa. Kaikkia haastateltavia yhdisti kuitenkin huoli siitä, kuinka omat lapset selviävät tulevaisuudessa väistämättömiltä mikroaggressiokokemuksilta ja tunne siitä, että ovat itse jollain tavalla vastuussa tiedon lisäämisestä.
  • Eronen, Heidi; Kangas, Jonna (2020)
    The aim of this study was to research connection of role play between gender and age as well as its share of free playtime in Helsinki city kindergartens daily life. We were also interested to see if the developmental phases that different theories of play define are true, and how temperament differences effect roleplays’ share from free play. In theoretical part of this study we got to know common theories of play and types of play. We concentrated especially on role play and significance of interaction abilities in role play, as well as significance of play and child’s involvement for child’s growth and development. This study is based on the quantitative data collected by Jyrki Reunamo. We analysed the data with quantitative methods such as comparison, grouping and explanation of correlation coefficients. This study shows that a large part of free play is role play; only object play is more popular. We thought this was mainly because environmental factors such as smallness of interiors and sparsity of quiet places in kindergartens. Statistically significant result was that the girls engage in role play more often than boys. We thought that this was also mainly because environmental factors: interiors, rules and role models in kindergarten guide boys and girls into different play styles. Less surprising was that 5-6-years old children play more role play than younger children. Children that parents and teachers define as socially skilful and committed participate in role play the most, whereas children that parents and teachers define as isolated and adaptable participate in role play the least. Also, the children that are defined as dominant don’t play role play more than on average. Role play requires advanced linguistic and social skills, such as negotiation and conversation skills and the ability to make compromises and follow rules that are made together.
  • Malmgren, Mikko (2017)
    Every school has an obligation to organize a one multidisciplinary module per school year. Same time local schools have a lot of choices how to organize this multidisciplinary module. Need for this study was born when I had to plan multidisciplinary module for our school with my colleagues. I wanted to use role-gaming as a teaching method in this multidisciplinary module, but I didn’t have enough knowledge how use this method and I couldn’t convince other teachers. I decided to study role-gaming as a teaching method. I wanted to study role-gaming and how to use it in theory as an teaching method In this research curriculum and role-gamin theory are compered to find common goals. In this research I study role-gaming, its theory, concept and history. Using it as a teaching method is main focus. There is lot of similarity in many curriculum goals and role-gaming benefits. Research shows that role-gaming is effective for teaching social skills. Benefit for using role-gaming as teaching method is supporting experimental and phenomenon based learning. Down side for using role-gaming is that it requires a lot of work. And there is a lack of scientific research of role-gaming as a teaching method and education for teachers how to use it.
  • Henriksson, Kajsa (2018)
    The purpose of this study was to find out how two different kindergartens with physical based activity are structured around physical activity. According to studies children aren’t physically active enough nowadays and according to recommendations children should be physically active three hours a day. That is why I thought it would be interesting to see how kindergartens with physical based activity fulfil the recommendations. From the purpose of the study I formulated these research questions: How does the physical based activity differ in two different kindergartens? How does physical activity based operations work in practice? What do the children think about physical activity based operations? The study was completed as a qualitative study, with both interviews and observations. I collected my material in two kindergartens where I did group interviews with children and interviews with staff and participating observations. The results show that the children have the possibilities to be physically active both indoors and outdoors and relate positively to the activities.
  • Fagerström, Therese (2016)
    The purpose of this study is to examine the view that kindergarten teachers have on the planned exercise activities for children in day-care. The research will thus not include spon-taneous movement and activities that might occur, for instance outside during play, but in-stead the scheduled activities. I aim to find out what kindergarten teachers think of the planned activities, and how well-planned the activities are. I am also curious to find out what impact the teachers backgrounds and experiences might have on the activities and what dif-ference they make. The method used in this study was qualitative interviews. Three kindergarten teachers from a smaller municipality were interviewed, and these interviews were recorded with a mobile phone. Later the interviews were transcribed and analysed. The results I got of this study were that all three of the kindergarten teachers were positively inclined to plan exercise activities with children, as they see them as an important aspect of the children’s development. In all three places the activities were planned, taking the envi-ronment into consideration. Thus the kindergarten with a useful environment around them, such as forests, could utilise these environments more than the kindergarten located in an environment that was not as useful.
  • Pietikäinen, Sofia (2016)
    The aim of this study was to find out what physical education in kindergarten looked like during different time periods and what kind of vision educators had on it. The study covers three time periods 1915–1925, 1965–1975 and 2005–2015. This is a qualitative study with literature review as a method. The material for the literature review was collected from different libraries, from the archives of the Ebeneser home and from the Internet. The material was analyzed and the three time periods were compared to each other. Although there’s been used different types of documents, this study has been able to provide an insight on how physical education looked like and what kind of role it had in these time periods. This study concludes that physical education has changed over the years. It has gained a stronger position in the planning of day care activities and its importance in children’s physical development has grown. Furthermore, "gymnastics" in kindergarten has looked different depending on the time period and you can see how the emphasis in physical education has changed during these periods.
  • Eriksson, Agneta (2022)
    Tiivistelmä - Abstrakt - Abstract Mål. Pedagogens uppdrag är att vara relationskompetent och att bemöta barnet så att det främjar utveckling och lärande. I Grunderna för planen för småbarnspedagogik (Utbildningsstyrelsen, 2022) betonas hur viktigt det är med ett ömsesidigt, öppet och respektfullt bemötande då man planerar verksamhet. I läroplanen poängteras också att att alla barn har rätt att bli hörda och sedda både som enskilda individer och som medlemmar i en grupp. Avhandlingen har sin utgångspunkt i hur Rosenbergs Nonviolent Communication kan utgöra en metod för att främja en sådan form av relationell kompetens såsom styrdokumenten uttrycker. Syftet med avhandlingen är att ge en övergripande beskrivning av Rosenbergs Nonviolent Communication (NVC) metod för att ta reda på hur den relaterar till finländska styrdokument för småbarnspedagogik med fokus på värdegrunden och pedagogens relationskompetens. Forskningsfrågan lyder: På vilket sätt relaterar Rosenbergs NVC metod till finländska småbarnspedagogikens värdegrund och krav på personalens relationskompetens? Metoder. Denna avhandling är en integrerad litteraturstudie med en hermeneutisk kunskapssyn. Jag har forskat vad existerande litteratur framhåller angående Rosenbergs NVC metod i ljuset av småbarnspedagogikens styrdokument i Finland. Den valda litteraturen har analyserats genom hermeneutisk kunskapssyn. Hermeneutik är en form av tolkning som går ut på att skapa förståelse för den mening, innebörd och de värderingar som finns i en text. Resultat och slutsatser. Resultaten visade att Rosenbergs NVC metod stöder värdegrundsuppdraget och personalens relationskompetens på flera olika sätt. Det framkom ur litteraturen att NVC är ett förhållningssätt och ett relationsbyggande verktyg. Det framkom att NVC kan fungera som verktyg för främjandet av pedagogens empati och självreflektion. Övrigt som framkom var verktyg för ökad tidsanvändning och för konflikthantering. Etiska värden som respekt, delaktighet, självreflektion och sensitivitet var likadana i NVC och i styrdokumenten. Resultatet visar att NVC metoden går att omsätta läroplansgrunderna i praktiken.
  • Immonen, Eetu (2021)
    Social and emotional learning (SEL) has been the zeitgeist in education for the last 20 years. Part of this trend researchers have developed numerous measuring instruments for assessing the social and emotional learning. Previous research has shown that the theory of social and emotional learning is rather elusive and lacks an established definition. The majority of SEL measuring instruments are also short-lived and developed with American populations. The aim of this study is to explore the present state of SEL measuring instruments, since the previous compendiums are already ten years old. This study was conducted as a systematic literature review. 101 unique measuring instruments related to social and emotional learning were identified during the data collection phase. The measuring instruments were systematically indexed for future reference for the first time. In addition, 12 self-report measures were further analysed and compared against the SEL framework of the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL). The majority of SEL measuring instruments still originate from North America. Compared to the previous reviews, the amount of measures assessing both social and emotional skills has increased. Apart from the psychometric differences, the analysed 12 measuring instruments emphasise different competence areas of social and emotional learning. The hegemony of CASEL can be seen as one of the underlying reasons for the increase of recent SEL measuring instruments. Since the competence areas of the CASEL framework are so extensive, all analysed 12 measures with their differing underlying theories slid effortlessly into the framework. The 101 indexed measuring instruments of social and emotional learning provide a robust springboard for follow up research.
  • Aalto, Karoliina (2018)
    Goals. The goal of this Bachelor’s Thesis was to examine how often households living in Helsinki are cooking food and is there a connection between frequency of cooking and the size of the household or the financial resources of the household. My Thesis is related to a survey carried out by Helsingin Sanomat in fall 2016. Thesis examines how often households cook food and what kind of households are cooking the most. In addition, this Thesis examines is there a connection between the frequency of cooking and the number of children living in the household or between monthly incomes of the household. The subject is topical because it hasn’t been much examined before and it provides information about the Finnish eating habits. According to some previous examination about the frequency of cooking Finns cook quite often. Factors that may be connected to the frequency of cooking have hardly been previously examined. Methods. My Thesis was executed as a quantitative research. The data of my Thesis was secondary, as it was originally collected by a survey carried out by Helsingin Sanomat in fall 2016. There were 13 381 respondents and 4 147 of the respondents were from Helsinki. The respondents were either readers of the Helsingin Sanomat online magazine or people who visited the website. Hence data can not be considered as statistically significant take, it is more like a comprehensive sample. The data was analyzed with SPSS Statistics 24 utilizing descriptive statistical analysis methods such as frequencies and percentages. The connections between variables were analyzed with crosstabulation, Khi square -test and Fisher’s exact -test. Intensity of the connections were analyzed with Cramérs V -coefificient. Results and conclusions. According to the results of my Thesis, households living in Helsinki cooked food at home few times a week or daily. Familys with children and two parents cooked the most. Between the frequency of cooking and the number of children a statistically significant, but rather weak, connection was found. The results provided indications that households with more children cooked more often. Between the frequency of cooking and the financial resources a statistically significant, but weak, connection was found. However, the results provided indications that households with higher incomes cooked slightly more often. Although results are not generalizable in Finland, they provide information about Finnish eating habits in Helsinki. The results of this Thesis offer reckoned ideas for further scientific research from this subject.