Browsing by department "Institute of Behavioural Sciences"
Now showing items 61-80 of 345
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(2018)The aim of the study is to find out how children use language in everyday situations in pre-school and how the educators work with language in daily activities. Language is used on daily basis in various situations and is therefore one of the most important things to work with in kindergarten and pre-school. Because of this there is a large responsibility on the educators to offer children opportunities to develop their language. The theoretical part of the study deals with language and communication, children’s language development, theories about language development, instructions provided by pre-school education curriculum and finally, some previous research done in the area. The study is qualitative and the material was gathered through observations and interviews. A child group of 26 pre-school children were observed for six days and three educators working in the group were interviewed. The interviews with the educators were made after the observations. The interviews were recorded and transcribed for easier analysis. The material was analysed by qualitative content analysis. The observations revealed that children’s conversations are both play and fantasy related as well as reality based. Their conversations also contained dialect and influences from the English language. Approximately one third of the children were bilingual and their language background appeared in some situations. The interviews revealed that all three educators were aware of the importance of working in a purposeful way with language development in daily activities. Language stimulation has to be planned in a way that supports all children, because different needs exist for each individual child. All three informants are aware of the importance of being a linguistic model for the children.
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(2017)The aim with the study are to investigate how kindergarten teacher support and encourages children to be psychically active. I want to inventive what kind of opportunities for exercises children gets in kindergarten. With this study I want to get new ideas of psychical activities that can be of interest to all kindergarten teachers. I have interviewed three kindergarten teachers. All the teachers work in different kinds of kindergartens. It´s based on Steiner pedagogy, another has focus on psychical activate and the third is ordinary communal kindergarten. In all three kindergartens, physical activity is conceived in different ways, which generate divers more view on tropic. The study shows that kindergarten teachers is thinking positively about the psychical activities. They also think that psychical activities are important for children. When kindergarten teachers themselves engage in psychical activities, they also make more things together with children.
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(2016)Children and adolescents have a high rate of participation in organized sports and physical activities. Participation in contact sports has been shown to be related to an elevated risk of suffering a concussion, which makes the management of concussions in child and adolescent athletes an important public health concern. Most of the research on concussion has been conducted on adults and the management protocols of concussions in both adult and youth athletes is based on this research. In this thesis I aim to provide an overview of the common symptoms and consequences of sports-related concussions, the effect of recurring concussions, and the special concerns relating to sports-related concussions in child and adolescent athletes. Research suggests that despite significant overlap, clinical and neuropsychological symptoms of a concussion may resolve at a different rate. In addition, neurophysiological functions appear to be altered for a far longer period than either clinical or neuropsychological symptoms. This is a cause for concern, as return-to-play (RTP) policy of concussed athletes is often based on clinical symptoms alone. A conservative RTP policy should be considered especially in concussed child and adolescent athletes, as they seem to recover slower than adults. Supervision is essential in concussion management, as youth athletes are often unaware of previously sustained concussions, premature RTP may expose the athlete to an elevated risk of suffering a second injury, and recurring concussions have been shown to have accumulating effects on neurocognitive functions.
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(2016)The aim of this study is to examine online volunteers views and experiences about online volunteering. The purpose is to investigate how interaction and presence based online volunteering is defined, how it is operated and what kind of requirements it sets for volunteers. In addition my interest is to examine how social inclusion and virtual communality reflects in the context of online volunteering and how it can be studied in the field of traditional volunteering. Previous studies suggest that many people are active to volunteer and volunteering can be considered to be very meaningful not only to the individual who volunteers but to the society as well. Volunteering is also suggested to increase the feeling of social inclusion. It has been said that online volunteering is a new trend of traditional volunteering which opens a new context of action; virtual world. There are many stereotypical images about online volunteers such as the image of them being young of age and technologically advanced. In reality online volunteers come from all age groups and possess very varied technical skills. Online volunteering is strongly linked with societal changes and technological development, which opens a great diversity how online volunteering can be operated. The data of this study consists of four interviews. All of the interviewees were from the Pelastakaa Lapset (Save the Children) organization. Interviews were conducted as theme interviews and they were transcribed and analyzed according to the principles of content analysis. Based on this research online volunteering in Pelastakaa Lapset organization could be defined somewhere between the “complete” and “ traditional / virtual” definition types. Online volunteering was conducted partly via the internet from home via computer and partly on site. The main operating model was two-on-two or group discussions in virtual world. Since online volunteering in this concept was based on interaction and presence it set some requirements for the volunteers. The volunteers were required to be able to act in visual virtual forums but mostly they were required to know how to listen, support, to be present and offer guidance to the youth they were dealing with. There was evidence that online-volunteering can increase social inclusion and that an online-volunteer can be part of a virtual and media community. It was also shown that despite the different operating context online volunteering reflects elements from traditional volunteering field and it is fitting to study it under the same research paradigms that guide the traditional volunteering research.
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(2017)This study is about young adults and their experiences about which factors effected to choosing vocational school after they graduated from primary school. I’m also interested to know how the selection is seen today in their lives. Previous studies have shown that student counseling, parents’ educational background and gender all affects to the educational path that teenager chooses. I approached the subject on the basis of these concepts. In my research, I interviewed five 22 to 28 years old young adults who have chosen vocational school. The data was collected by interviewing, using theme interview. The data was analyzed phenomenologically that is focused on the interviewees' experiences and their meanings choosing a vocational school. Study supported previous research and the theoretical background. Student counseling played an important role when the teenager is thinking different options. Parents' educational background also influenced how their children are going to be educated. All the interviewees followed the same lines as their parents. Gender effects were low, although all interviewees represented stereotypically male and female-dominated sectors. The study showed that choosing vocational education is influenced by both internal and external factors. External factors strongly influence to the decision, if the direction is not clear.
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(2019)The aim of the study is to find out and demonstrate the thoughts and work of early childhood educators about environmental sustainability. Furthermore, a theoretical link between teachers' own knowledge and approach to environmental sustainability is important, because it is visible through their actions. These actions are noticeable in the activities together with children and affect the children's connection to ecological sustainability. With the purpose of the study as a starting point, the questions therefore are: • How does the team consider environmental sustainability in the learning environment with the children? • What seems to be the attitude towards environmental sustainability among those who participated in the study? • What is discussed and what is left out when teaching environmental sustainability? This bachelor thesis consists of a qualitative hermeneutic analysis of collected data from teams with their thoughts on environmental sustainability in daycare. Based on the data collected, it can be parsed that to a certain extent the teachers take account of ecological sustainability in their activities. However, there is to improve as there is variation in knowledge of environmental sustainability. Rarely or never are there connections to overriding entities such as system of the climate, pollution of land and water, use of land and water, ecosystems, biodiversity. The Study shows that there is interest and a positive attitude towards ecological sustainability.
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(2018)Aims. Social and emotional learning (SEL) is a process in which you learn and practice the regulation of your own activities and the development and regulation of joint activities. Earlier research shows that social and emotional skills are as important in learning as aca-demic or cognitive skills. Previous studies indicate that social and emotional learning bene-fits students. From the teacher's point of view the impact of SEL has been studied scarcely. The aim of this thesis was to describe, analyse and interpret how social and emotional learning affects the work of a teacher. Research questions are how social and emotional learning affects to the work of a teacher and what factors contribute to SEL implementation in the school environment. Methodology. The systematized literature review of six different databases was performed to find the resent peer-reviewed studies dealing with social and emotional learning from a teacher's point of view in elementary, upper secondary and secondary schools during 2015–2018. As a result of the search was found eleven articles that were analysed by qualitative content analysis method. Results and conclusions. Research on the impact of SEL on the teacher's work is still lim-ited, but it has increased during the 21st century. School level support and SEL training were linked to the proven SEL competency and SEL implementation at school. SEL was in touch with the teacher's experience of stress, job satisfaction, and the atmosphere. School-level support and experienced SEL competence seem to reduce experienced stress and in-crease job satisfaction and improve the atmosphere in classroom work.
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(2018)The purpose of this study was to examine teachers point of view on exploratory conversations as a tool for supporting children´s education. Exploratory conversations means conversations where the teacher helps the children to express himself/herself, phrase questions and by himself/herself find answers to their questions. The purpose of this study was also to examine if and how conversations can work as support for developing good relationships between child and teacher in kindergarten. The theoretical frame focuses on a review of what relationship, conversation and exploratory conversation is and how these can exist. The study was qualitative and based on interviews. In the study participated five teachers from three different kindergartens. The interviews was based on one group interview and three individual interviews. My research approach is phenomenological-hermeneutic. Data collection method in this study was semi-structured interviews. The results in this study show that exploratory conversations consist of three different parts which form the complete picture. The three different parts are the actual action in exploring, the process in exploring and the meeting in the exploratory conversation. The components for the action in exploring is to find out, find your own tools for finding out and space for conversation to report what you found. The components for the process is wonder, the teachers open questions, implication, cooperation and narratorial. The teachers approach in the exploratory conversation together with the child should be empathic. The empathic approach consist the teachers interpretation, the teachers observation, how the teacher listen, the teachers understanding and the teachers confirmation. The results in this study also show that the aspects in a conversation for developing a good relationship between child and teacher is the teachers responsibility, is the form of the conversation and also the interaction and good-fellowship. The components of the teachers responsibilities are the teachers own personal development, how the teacher listen and how much fait the teacher can build for the child. The form of the conversation consists of safe and affirmative conversations, curious and joyful conversations and also conversations with body language. The interaction describes what the teacher and the child do together and the good-fellowship describes how the teacher and the child are together. Lastly the results show how good relationships can support a child´s education and development if the relationship between the child and the teacher is safe, joyful and well-being. The results also show that the safe, joyful and well-being relationship will bring positive components as concentration and focus for education and development for the child.
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(2018)In 2016 came out a new regulatory document for day care centres, The fundamental plan for child teaching, 2016. The new fundamental plan is strongly about children’s participation, and how they can participate. The purpose with this study is to find out how the children can participate in creating activities and who is in charge at the day care centre. I also want to find out how the children and pedagogues think about children’s participation, how the children feel that they can participate and how the pedagogues make the children participate. The study was carried out as a qualitative group interview. One group of children, one kindergarten teacher and also one nurse from a day care centre attended the study. The children were represented by a group of 6 children from 5 to 6 years old. The study is an informal/focus-based interview. The results from the study showed that children get to be involved in creating activities on day care centres and the pedagogues make sure that the children are involved. When there is a theme the children need to follow some guidelines, beyond that the children can tinker freely. The children can tinker whenever they want, if there is time available. When they want to tinker, they can. What the pedagogues need to review at the day care centre is how they can make the children participate regarding the creating environment, now it was more controlled by adults.
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(2017)HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO – HELSINGFORS UNIVERSITET – UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI Tiedekunta – Fakultet – Faculty Laitos – Institution – Department Department of child-centered pedagogy Tekijä – Författare – Author Johanna Dumell-Forsskåhl Työn nimi – Arbetets titel – Title Creativity and creative activities in the day care environment - A study of how creativity and creative activities are experienced by kindergarten teachers in the day care environment Oppiaine – Läroämne – Subject Educational program of kindergarten teacher Työn ohjaaja(t) – Arbetets handledare – Supervisor Jan-Erik Mansikka Vuosi – År – Year 2017 Tiivistelmä – Abstrakt – Abstract The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of how the kindergarten teachers experience creativity and creative activities in a day care environment. The focus is on how they define creativity and creative activities and if they think that the children learn by being creative. The theory of the study aims to give an understanding of what creativity and creative activities can be in the day care environment and what the conditions are for the day care activities. The qualitative study was done by interview technique on two groups. One, a group of three kindergarten teachers from a private kindergarten and the other, an interview with two kindergarten teachers from a municipal kindergarten. Both kindergartens located in Swedish-Finland. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. Meaning concentration was used as analyzing method. The results suggest that creativity and creative activities are perceived similarly in both the private and the municipal kindergarten and are supported by literature where creativity is considered inventive and imaginative. The day care environment was perceived as a creative environment that supports creative activities. The day cares’ outdoor environment was also considered to be of great value in terms of greater space for the children to be creative more freely. The kindergarten teachers used various methods to stimulate the children to creativity. The answers from the interviews also showed that the attitude of the kindergarten teachers towards the creative activities has a significant impact on how the activity is expressed in the day care environment
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(2016)The open work activity is a social service that the state and municipalities offer according to Finnish laws. The workplace can for example be a school kitchen or a store, the work assignments and work schedules are applied according to the client’s ability and needs. The aim of this thesis is to investigate if persons with mild developmental disabilities experience that the open work activity contributes to the development of sense of coherence (SOC). The main theoretical frame consists of Aaron Antonovsky’s SOC theory which consists of three dimensions: comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. This study is a qualitative study; the data was collected through individual interviews and questioners with four people who participate in the open work activity. The open work activity is a resource in a disabled persons life that can contribute to health. The open work activity can be viewed as a salutogenic way of working which focuses on the person’s resources instead of only looking at faults and obstacles. The results of the study suggest that the open work activity contributes to the development of sense of coherence. All three dimensions contribute to the development, especially comprehensibility and manageability is affected by the nature of the open work activity since the work is applied to the clients ability and needs. It was concluded that the workplace itself, that the respondents have somewhere to go everyday, gives them meaning. This thesis is an attempt to increase awareness about the open work activity and to produce knowledge about the client’s experiences. At a micro level this thesis can contribute to increased understanding of persons with developmental disabilities and at a macro level offer a new perspective to the social critic discourse.
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(2017)Public debates on racism have increased in recent years, and the notion of non-existent racism in Finland has begun to reverse. Today, the existence of racism is slowly becoming one of the problems of Finnish society, but the means to prevent and prevent racism are still relatively small. One way of preventing racism is found in antiracist education in schools, at least not yet mentioned in the basics of basic education in the curriculum. The aim of the study was to find out how anti-racism learning material is suitable for teaching or supporting materials in schools to support the idea of antiracist education. In the study, I analyze the racism-forming perception and the anti-racism of the teaching material. Research questions are: 1) What is racism in the textbook? 2) How is the teaching material antiracist? The material I used was the anti-racism learning material (2015) developed by Rauhankasvatusinstituutti and the University of Helsinki, available free of charge from the website of Rauhankasvatusinstituutti. I analyzed the content of the material consisting of teaching text, illustration and various tasks. I theorized the theoretical framework of the material, and I started to make content theory-based analysis on the clarity that corresponded to the theory. Based on the material, racism forms a good overview for the reader. The material deals with the history of racism and the forms of racism today, but the use of key concepts is missing. The concept of racism is abused by the abundance of the concept of discrimination, which is a misleading and narrow definition of racism. The inexactness of the concept of racism hides the existence of racism, that is, the identification of which is absolutely essential to antiracist action. Although the learning material has been designated as "anti-racism", it also contains a great deal of information on other forms of discrimination, whereby the reader may have the impression that discrimination, for example by sexual minorities, would be racism. The main disadvantage in the material is the lack of key concepts or their use in an overly broad context. The material can be seen as a whole in anti-racism. The material contains information on racism and anti-rebranding images and assignments. By increasing knowledge, it is possible to identify racism in society, and through the images and tasks it is possible to challenge the reader's own perceptions and possible prejudices. However, the material does not question what all the information is based on and how still today everything is based on "white power". The material, however, has so many antiracist elements that its use as a support material for teaching about racism, for example under the subject of history in the grades 7-9, could be seen being implemented in elementary school as the idea of antiracist education.
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(2016)In this thesis I examine first time student quotas put into operation in the spring of 2016, from the perspective of people already with a higher education degree or an accepted place in a university applying for another higher education place. Goals for this study are to find out why applicants reapply and how they experience the new quotas. In the theory section I introduce earlier research about neo-liberalism in educational politics and equality in education. After this I consider how applicants are being selected into higher education and the higher education student selection reform, especially the first time student quotas. Material was collected by interviewing four applicants who were not considered as first time students in the higher education joint application of spring 2016. Interviews were conducted as theme-centered interviews. The transcribed material was then analyzed using the data-driven content analysis method. According to the results those who are not considered first time students reapply for higher education for reasons related to work and finding their own place. All the interviewees had different reasons for reapplying. The applicants’ attitude towards the new quotas were very negative. They experienced the quotas as discriminating and limiting to individual freedom. The benefits from the society's point of view were also questioned. The negatives were seen to outweigh the benefits.
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(2016)Bilingualism is a variety that many of us are born into, but it doesn’t mean that if there’s no bilingualism in the family, that the child couldn’t be bilingual. There is for example bilingual kindergarten, where teachers are speaking two languages; one speaks for example Swedish and the other one Finnish, that’s a good way to here and learn the other language. The purpose of this study is to research if there’s any connection between the children’s attitudes toward the second national language and children’s language proficiency. The study is implemented at a kindergarten where I had been working and where I knew the children. The thesis is a qualitative case study, which I made by interview the children, both in groups and individual. I split the children in three groups according to languages; the Swedish speaking, the Finnish speaking and the bilingual group. The conclusion in the thesis is that there’s a positive connection between attitudes toward languages and language proficiency.
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(2016)Gender roles have an effect on relationships, identity, society and habits. Adolescents might experience conflict with their gender identity and the expectations of society. Youth literature probably effects adolescents’ ideas of gender and gives them a model of how to be a “woman”, a “man” or a transgendered and how to act accordingly in relationships and society. The Finnish grade school curriculum instructs that there must be gender equality in education. Teachers of literature and Finnish language should encourage students to read literature that offers a view to the lives of gender- and sexual minorities. This kind of literature should make students think about their own manner of speech and behavior and give them a way to notice gendered issues in society. The function of this thesis was to research the means in which Marja Björk`s novel Poika represents gender roles and transgenderness. The target of this thesis is to assess how the novel fits the decrees of the curriculum and how it might affect adolescents’ thoughts of gender and impact their habits as a gendered subject.The research questions are: 1) In which ways does Marja Björk’s novel Poika represent transgenderness? 2) How are gender roles present in its’ transgender representations? The source material of this thesis was Marja Björk`s novel Poika which has been published by Like-kustannus in 2013. Poika has been the candidate of Finlandia Junior –price 2013. The material was categorized and discourse analysis was used to observe its’ representations of gender. There were two opposite discourses of source material. They were the discourse of dichotomic transgender and the discourse of gender diversity. The results were that representations of gender roles were mostly stereotypic and heteronormative. Also gender diversity was always represented inferior to dichotomic gender. Even though representations of gender were mostly stereotypic the story can offer a feeling of idenfication in gender minorities’ lives. In this point of view adolescents might start to think about their own behaviour after reading the book. The problem is that the book loses the humanity of the persons who identify themselves outside of the dichotomic gender. In this point of view Poika is not on the line with the curriculum’s instructions of gender equality. On the other hand Poika is still one of the only books with a transgendered protagonist.
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(2016)Borderline personality disorder is a difficult disease which lowers the patients general functioning drastically. It is characterized by increased mortality rate and high treatment costs. Symptoms of borderline personality disorder are very complex and its aetiology is far from simple. The goals of this literature review were to review the genetic background of the disorder and possible overlapping genetic factors between borderline personality disorder and other psychiatric disorders. Large-scale twin studies show that the heritability of borderline personality disorder varies between 0,35-0,67. It can be said that the incidence of borderline personality disorder is strongly influenced by genetic factors. However, genome-wide association studies are scarce so the specific genetic mechanisms are largely unknown. Studies show that many other psychiatric disorders have common factors and genetic overlap with borderline personality disorder. These disorders include for example attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression and substance use disorders. This review suggests that better understanding of the genetic factors of borderline personality disorder could improve diagnostics and treatment methods.
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(2018)An amendment was made to the Finnish Basic Education Act which now forms a three-tier model to the special education system. The purpose of this study was to find out what were the arguments behind the amendment and how were the special educational needs discussed as part of the amendment process. The international educational policy declarations have stated that every child has a right to study in a regular class in a regular school. Finland has also ratified this declaration. The purpose of the amendment is to direct schools to become more inclusive and to offer special education in a regular class and as soon as possible in order to avoid transfer into a special education class. The data of this study consisted of government proposal and the discussion about the amendment at the plenary session by members of the parliament. The data was read as a political speech which means speaking for or against something. The analysis was based on Bacchi’s What’s the Problem Represented to be? approach which suggests that as a new policy is made it constitutes a problem. The aim of this approach is to locate the dominant discourses in political texts. The amendment was supported by arguing for the rights and advantages of both the pupils with special needs and other pupils, the need to diminish the stigma of special education as well as early intervention in order to prevent the accumulation of problems. Based on the analysis the need for special education seems to be multifaceted because special needs are seen to be caused by various reasons. The positions varied from individualistic to the inflexibility of structures and social practices and the perspective of worry and risks. The position changed between these three discourses and therefore it is clear that there is no dominant consensus of what the reasons for special needs are and hence the conceptions of how to organize special education vary.
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(2018)According to previous studies every third university student suffers from detrimental stage fright. Stage fright has been shown to cause students strong stress and anxiety. It also slows down the progress of the studies. Because of this universities should pay more attention to students who feel nervous about communication and performance situation. Students who suffers from stage fright have an opportunity to participate in the University of Helsinki speech communication course which is especially directed to students with stage fright. In this thesis I examine university student’s individual experience of stage fright. The aim of the thesis is to understand and describe subjective experience of student’s stage fright. The data of this qualitative research consisted of four theme interview. The students I interviewed participated in the speech communication course in fall 2017. Students were different age and they were all from Education and Arts Faculty. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. In this analyze I describe student’s stage fright as a phenomenon. Students who experience strong stage fright have postponed participating in speech communication course for several times. They have bad self-confidence and they react body’s physical tension critical and negative way. Speech communication course which was directed to students with stage fright proved to be a positive experience for them. Especially important for students was learning to have positive attitude toward their stage fright. Universities should offer students more theoretic knowing about stage fright and its possible support measures. Stagefright should also be taken into account in other courses where oral presentation skills are needed.
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(2019)The aim of this thesis is to research information from written articles and books about the connection between a given feedback from a manager and the employee’s competence development. In this literature review I will examine the concepts of feedback and competence development and the factors affecting them. I will also examine how feedback from a manager can improve employee’s competence, work motivation and commitment in practice. Work motivation and commitment can is a base for competence development, because committed and motivated employee is more willing to invest to one’s work and develop his or her skills and performance. The subject is very interesting and important. According to the literature using feedback in work context is often seen as something considered self-evident. It is not always the case in real life and many workers complain about not getting enough feedback from their managers about their performance. The data is collected using books and articles from the fields of educational and business economics including many researches about motivation, competence development and feedback in work context. The thesis is assembled together by using the method of narrative literature review. The keywords of this thesis are feedback and competence development. Feedback is seen as a received information of one’s actions. Feedback is always experienced individually and many things, such as receiver’s age, his or her own perception and the strategy used when giving feedback can affect how it is received and understood. Competence development can be assimilated with learning at work and it means intentionally or unconsciously improving one’s professional skills. This can benefit employees and the whole organization, since nowadays working life requires constant development to maintain one’s position in hardened competition – both in individual and organizational levels. According to this literature review, competence development can be supported with a good and adequate feedback. Constructive feedback can help correct errors and encourage development. Positive feedback can increase employee’s self-esteem and feeling of competence. This is important because supportive and positive working environment is a crucial factor for one’s job motivation and commitment.
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(2016)Competence development has risen into important concept when it comes to companies competence. This is because business is even more services and information activities therefore intangible equities gain a higher meaning. In this research I am interesterd in the role of superior as a part of developing competence in one Finnish recruitment agency company. First, I examine the view of the company´s human resource director in competence development. After that I examine how the superiors develope the competence of their subordinates and how the subordinates see their superiors as competence developers. My research is qualitative. I gathered the data by interviewing company´s director of human resources and four other employee. Each of the employee has graduated from university-level and they were working in the company each one of them in a sector separate from another. Each interviewee also had a different superior. As a analysis method for data I used data-driven content analysis. With it, I formed the main categories for research results. The director of human resources told, that the company doesn’t have spesific rules for the superiors, how they should conduct the development of their subordinates competence. However the company aims to create a mutual vision for all of the superiors, what is good superior work and leadership. As for my research´s main groups as well as the most important part in superior´s competence development formed introduction, development planning and steering, encouraging and informing, monitoring development, valuation and feedback together with development discussions. The superiors of the interviewees worked yet again with a large variety. With two of the interviewees the superiors work in developing competence was versatile and consistent. Those interviewees were mostly satisfied with the competence development of their superiors. Two other interviewee´s superiors didn’t do as much to develope competence. They didn’t have proper development discussions, development plan, introduction had defiency and they didn’t feel the actions of superior as encouraging. Those interviewees would have wanted changes in their superior´s competence development.
Now showing items 61-80 of 345