Browsing by discipline "Kotitaloustiede"

This study examines home related food memories. Previous research on this subject shows that senses and emotions play significant role in creating and re-creating food memories. This is due to shared neural and mnemonic connections of the emotions and senses in the brain. Food memories can also be embodied transmitting tacit knowledge. With them one can create and express own roots and self-image. Food memories are a part of collective memory and they can create polytemporal experiences. This study considered home related food memories because home is a central place for the formation of food memories. The aim of this study was to reveal the ingredients of home related food memories and to scrutinise how home appears in texts sent to www-pages of Ruoka-Kalevala. Ruoka-Kalevala is a project of Marttaliitto, S-group and The Finnish Literature Society. The data consists of 39 texts which were analysed by content analysis. This study is based on oral history methodology. This material emphasized that food memories reflect common societal development and urbanisation. Migration from rural societies to cities and the sense of belonging to one’s roots stood out from data. Also descriptions of the various regional food cultures in Finland were crucial. Based on the data of the study, home was seen in a positive and even a nostalgic light. Most of the food memories were located in childhood homes. Home economics education could benefit connection between senses and food memories for example when studied food traditions or in social integration of immigrants. Oral history research focus on subjects that are mundane and personal. Therefore it can well benefit home economics studies.

The development of food industry has led to increase of selection in retail markets and creation of processed food items. Even more products having health improving effects are launched on the market. Although consumers prefer easy and effortless food options, healthy food is considered to be additive-free and as naturally manufactured as possible. A healthy diet supports both physical and mental well-being. Despite of the fact that adult population is having enough protein already, high-protein diet has become a fashion trend in today’s society. High-protein food items are sold in almost every retail markets and used by all kinds of consumers on daily basis. Not only sport nutrition brands but also dairy companies are nowadays manufacturing high-protein products. The aim of this research was to sort out how the young and sporty women took an attitude towards protein quarks. The research was carried out as a qualitative research and the data was assembled basis interviews. The purpose of interview was also to find out to whom high-protein products were targeted and if the products were generally considered to be useful. The results proved that the attitude towards high-protein food products was variable. In interviewees’ opinions, high-protein products were brought into the market to serve the needs of the consumers that are more active than average, although, it was believed that these products were used by even more people in reality. High-protein products were not considered to be essential but in some cases useful. Protein quarks were purchased every now and then, in case of a sudden need of snack. Easy usability and high amount of protein were seen as a redeeming feature of the products. On the other hand, the amount of added sugar or artificial sweeteners reduced the eagerness to buy the product.

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää kuluttajuuden vaikutuksia nuorten identiteettiin, nuorten kokemuksia omista taloustaidoista ja tekijöitä, jotka vaikuttavat niihin. Myös käyttörahan määrään vaikuttavia tekijöitä tarkasteltiin. Aiemmat vähäiset tutkimukset aiheesta osoittavat vanhempien olevan suuressa asemassa taloustaitojen opettamisessa, ja että kuluttajakasvatusta kaivattaisiin kouluihin enemmän. Tutkielmassa otetaan selvää, miten kuluttajuus vaikuttaa nuorten identiteettiin, minkälaisiksi nuoret kokevat taloustaitonsa sekä mitkä tekijät vaikuttavat nuorten taloustaitoihin ja käytettävissä olevan rahan määrään. Tutkielma toteutettiin kuvailevana kirjallisuuskatsauksena kuudesta tutkimusjulkaisusta. Kuvailevan kirjallisuuskatsauksen tarkoituksena oli muodostaa luonteva kokonaiskuva nuorten taloustaidoista. Aineisto hankittiin pääosin hakukone Googlea ja Google Scholaria sekä Helsingin yliopiston hakupalvelu Helkaa hyödyntäen. Aineiston analyysissä käytettiin sisällönanalyysiä, jotta saatiin parhaiten ja edustavimmin kuvattua tekstin merkitykset. Aineiston käsittelyyn käytettiin teemoittelua, eli tekstissä esiintyneet ilmaisut jaettiin viiteen värikoodattuun luokkaan. Nuorten käyttämät tavarat ja palvelut sekä oma tyyli olivat tärkeitä osia itsensä esille tuomisessa ja itsetunnon kohottamisessa. Nuoret ilmaisivat itseään ja sosiaalista asemaansa erityisesti (merkki)vaatteilla. Isoa osaa nuorista kiinnosti oman rahankäytön suunnittelu ja talousasiat. Heillä oli kattava käsitys, minkälaiset piirteet omasi taloustaidoiltaan huono henkilö verrattuna henkilöön, jonka taloustaidot olivat hyvät. Talousosaamisen tasoon vaikuttivat nuoren oma kiinnostus talousasioita ja -taitoja kohtaan sekä talousopetukseen osallistuvat tahot ja niiden käyttäjäystävällisyys. Nuorille jaettavan taloustiedon oppimateriaalin luomisessa tärkeintä oli sen käytännöllisyys ja ajankohtaisuus nuoren elämään juuri sillä hetkellä. Käytettävissä olevan rahan määrään vaikutti eniten sukupuoliero, mutta myös sosioekonomisella asemalla, perhetaustalla ja asuinpaikkakunnalla oli merkitystä.

Youngsters leave their childhood home and move to their own apartment in the age of 18–20 in Finland. This is quite early compared to the rest of European countries. Independency and getting a job or going to study are the major reasons for youngsters to move out. Immigration has been growing in Finland and the children of people from the first great immigration wave in the 90’s are now in the age when they start to think about independency and moving out. These young, second generation immigrants and their housing have not been studied much. In this study the purpose is to examine the thoughts of young people with immigrant background. Specially about housing and independent living and when and why these youngsters think is an adequate age to move out. The data for the study was collected with interviews which is typical for qualitative research. Five 20–24 years old people with an immigrant background were interviewed, two of them were men and three of them were women. The interviewees were found partly from the researchers circle of acquaintances and partly from a vocational school. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. A theory-based content analysis was used. The interviewees did not describe the ideal apartment in detail. Only a sauna was mentioned in more than half of the interviews. A grocery store within walking distance and a good public transportation are important to youngsters with an immigrant background. Youngsters with an immigrant background have almost the same reasons for moving out as Finnish youngsters. The major reasons are independency and a need for their own space. The interviewees thought that an adequate age to move out is around 18–20 years even some of them still lived with their parents.

The Finns love milk and they consume one of the highest amounts of milk per capita in the world. Dairy products are a big part of Finnish food culture and Finns get used to drinking and eating dairy products already at an early age. In the past few years milk and dairy products have nevertheless faced some significant criticism among consumers. The aim of this study is to get to know the history of dairy becoming a significant part of Finnish food culture and what kind of role dairy is given in the national nutrition recommendations in Finland. The study also aims to find out what are the meanings the milk has been given in the media and press during past years. The research was carried out by studying dairy-related articles published in Helsingin Sanomat -newspaper between years 2015–2017. By using the collected material, different milk-related categories were formed. The data was analyzed by using content analysis. Three main themes rose from the research material. The role of milk and dairy products in the Finnish food culture is considered to weaken. The range of plant-based and vegan products replacing traditional dairy products has increased during past few years. Consumers regard that dairy products can be replaced. Nevertheless, milk is still considered as a great source of calcium. There has also been conversation regarding health effects of dairy products. For example, milk is thought to aggravate skin problems and intolerances to lactose. According to scientific research, milk is nevertheless regarded to have a neutral effect on the risk of diet-related chronic diseases.

Tiivistelmä - Referat - Abstract Suomalainen ruokavalio perustui 1900-luvun alussa viljatuotteisiin, perunaan ja maitotuotteisiin. Lisänä oli vähäinen määrä suolattua kalaa sekä teurastusaikana lihaa. Lähes puolet energiasta saatiin viljatuotteista. 1800-luvun lopussa maatalouden tuotantosuunta oli muuttunut viljanviljelystä karjataloudeksi. Tämän seurauksena voista oli tullut tärkeä vientituote ja viljaa jouduttiin tuomaan maahan. Leipäviljaomavaraisuus oli vain 35–40 %. Teollistumisen myötä väkeä oli muuttanut kaupunkeihin ja toimeentulo perustui palkkatyöhön ja suurin osa hyödykkeistä ostettiin valmiina. Omavaraisuusaste oli kaupungeissa huono, eikä keittiöitä välttämättä ollut ahtaissa asunnoissa. Ensimmäisen maailmansodan aikana tuontivaikeuksien vuoksi Suomessa oli pulaa elintarvikkeista. Kaupungeissa oli pulaa myös polttopuista sekä sähköstä ja kaasusta. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoite on kuvata Emäntälehden antamaa ruokaan liittyvää neuvontaa ensimmäisen maailmansodan aikaisessa elintarvikepulassa vuosina 1914–1918. Emäntälehti neuvoi elintarvikkeiden säästäväistä käyttöä, omavaraisuutta ja puuttuvien elintarvikkeiden, kuten viljan, voin, kahvin, teen, sokerin ja lihan korvaamista uusilla ravinnoksi kelpaavilla tuotteilla. Viljaa neuvottiin korvaamaan perunalla, petulla, selluloosalla, jäkälällä, kauralla, lantulla, porkkanalla ja kalalla. Lihaa neuvottiin korvaamaan kalalla ja sisäelimillä, voita margariinilla, silavalla, ihralla sekä talilla. Kahvin korvikkeena neuvottiin käyttämään voikukan juurta, porkkanaa, lanttua, sokerijuurikasta, juolavehnän ja sananjalan juurta, tammenterhoja ja ruusunmarjan kiviä. Neuvonnassa korostettiin kasvisruoan, sienten, marjojen ja hedelmien sekä villivihannesten ja luonnonmarjojen käyttöä. Lehti neuvoi heinälaatikon käyttöä energiaa ja työaikaa säästävänä ruoanvalmistusmenetelmänä sekä elintarvikkeiden hygieenistä säilyttämistä ja taloudellista säilöntää esimerkiksi kuivaamalla ja keittämällä marjoja suljetuissa pulloissa ilman sokeria. Tutkielma tuottaa tietoa ensimmäisen maailmansodan aikaisesta ruokaneuvonnasta, joka on sovellettavissa nykyaikaan esimerkiksi varautumisen, makutottumusten laajentamisen ja omavaraisuuden suhteen.

Faculty of Educational Sciences Laitos - Institution - Department Department of education Tekijä - Författare - Author Marsa Salminen Työn nimi - Arbetets titel Onnistunut ruokahävikkineuvonta; marttapiirien kotitalousasiantuntijoiden kokemuksiaja näkemyksiä Title Successful food loss advice; experiences and views of the Martha’s home economics specialists Oppiaine - Läroämne - Subject Home economics Työn laji/ Ohjaaja - Arbetets art/Handledare - Level/Instructor Batchelors Thesis / Kaija Rautavirta & Sari Kivilehto Aika - Datum - Month and year June 2017 Sivumäärä - Sidoantal - Number of pages 38 pp. + 2 appendices Abstract Objectives. In the developed countries, most households and restaurant services make the most significant food loss to climate change. In Finland, the Martha Organization, a Finnish home economics organization, have been one of the actors in food information counseling for consumers. Counseling has not reached so much consumers as it would have been desirable. The purpose of this study is to find out the experiences of the Martha’s home economics specialists on successful food information advice and ideas on how best to realize successful food information advice based on their experiences. The success of the research was based on success-oriented job development based on the concept of strength in positive psychology. In this study, research questions are structured according to the classical 4P model of marketing, attention was paid to the product's content (=product), price, availability (=place) and promotion. Methods. A qualitative research was chosen as a research strategy. The research material consisted of six theme interviewing sessions by the Martha's home economics specialists. The home economics specialists represented different district associations in Finland and had worked as home economics specialists for less than one year to 41 years. The interview material was transcribed and analyzed using the content analysis method utilizing the classic 4P model of marketing. Results and Conclusions. The survey showed that most of the experience of success in a counseling session that was a content. Functionality and concrete examples addressed consumers. Media coverage was also felt to be working. As a development idea of the material, it emerged that the Marthas would go to where people are already ready or come to the scene by some other thing. The Martha's communications also emphasized clarity and clear language. The social position of different target groups does not seem to matter to the ethical perspective of food loss. By raising food mentoring advice, ethicality alongside the issue of economics makes it possible to reach equally all consumers regardless of the of the consumer's income level. Avainsanat - Nyckelord ruokahävikki, kotitalousneuvonta, martat, onnistumiskeskeinen työnkehittäminen Keywords food loss, household advice, the marthas, success-oriented job development Säilytyspaikka - Förvaringsställe - Where deposited University of Helsinki, e-thesis Muita tietoja - Övriga uppgifter - Additional information

Hunting is a part of Finnish culture, even though less people hunt for a living. Growing numbers of female hunters have been receiving media attention over the past years. The purpose of this Bachelor’s thesis is to describe the presentation of a hunting female living in the Helsinki Metropolitan area and what are the factors behind the hobby. An objective is also to determine whether the hunting females living in the Helsinki Metropolitan area face attitudes or prejudices in their hobby due to gender or place of residence, and whether the female hunters feel that the Helsinki Metropolitan area creates special characteristics for the hobby regarding other hunting females elsewhere in Finland. Survey research was implemented using a questionnaire which was undertaken by 62 hunting females living in the Helsinki Metropolitan area. Questionnaire included 30 questions, of which 29 were structured and 1 open. Some of the questions were attached with an open question. Questionnaire was distributed via Facebook groups Jahditar, Haulikkohelmet, Helsingin Erä-Ämmät, Metsästyskaverit, Metsästäjät, and Ellit erätulilla. The structured questions of the questionnaire were analyzed qualitatively and by using Excel programs as help. Open questions were analysed by utilizing content analysis guiding the theory. Tables, figures and argumentation by quantitative relations were used in presenting the results. According to the research, hunting hobby seems to be an interesting hobby for the participants. Most typically, one went to hunt together with a partner or a friends. Nature, hunting with dogs and wild game as nourishment rose as most important factors for a hunting hobby. 87% of the female hunters of Helsinki Metropolitan area which participated in the research saw that they had encountered some amount of prejudice towards their hobby due to their gender, from people who did not hunt. Encountering prejudice from male hunters was rarer, but not unusual. 73% of the respondents also saw that they had encountered prejudice as hunters due to their place of residence. 63% of the respondents also saw that Helsinki Metropolitan area brought some special characteristics in to the hunting hobby regarding other hunting females elsewhere in Finland.

Tavoitteet. Tutkielman tavoitteena oli selvittää, miten yleistä perheateriointi Suomessa on ja kuinka säännöllinen perheateriointi vaikuttaa nuorten fyysiseen, psyykkiseen ja sosiaaliseen hyvinvointiin. Työssä etsittiin vastausta näihin kysymyksiin useista lähteistä ja tutkimuksista. Työn lähtökohtana oli huoli perheaterioinnin merkityksen vähentymisestä Suomessa. Tarkoituksena oli lisäksi tutkia ja pohtia keinoja, millä eri tavoin perheateriointia voi tukea sekä lisätä sen yleisyyttä. Menetelmät. Työ toteutettiin kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Aineistoon valikoitui sekä suomalaisia että kansainvälisiä tutkimuksia, joista suurin osa oli vuoden 2014 jälkeen julkaistuja. Aineisto muodostui tieteellisistä artikkeleista, pro gradu -tutkielmista ja muista opinnäytetyöstä sekä muusta kirjallisuudesta. Aineisto oli poikkitieteellinen; siinä käytettiin suurimmaksi osaksi kotitaloustieteen ja terveystieteen julkaisuja. Tulokset ja johtopäätökset. Käytetyn aineiston perusteella perheateriointi oli todennäköisesti vähentynyt Suomessa muun muassa individualismin lisääntyessä, teknologisen kehityksen myötä ja välipalakulttuurin kasvaessa. Suurimpina syinä perheaterioinnin puuttumiselle mainittiin kiire ja ajanpuute. Tässä työssä näyttää siltä, että perheaterioinnilla oli selvästi useita myönteisiä vaikutuksia, jotka koskettavat niin fyysistä, psyykkistä kuin sosiaalista hyvinvointia. Myönteisten vaikutuksien vuoksi olisi tärkeää, että perheateriointiin kannustetaan ja saadaan edistettyä sen yleistymistä. Perheet ja nuoret tulisi tehdä tietoisiksi perheaterioinnin myönteisistä vaikutuksista. Kotitalousopettajilla on otollinen asema tietoisuuden lisäämisessä.

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the challenges facing Puntland’s and Somaliland’s primary education in Somalia and of the ways to tackle these challenges. Both Puntland and Somaliland have been affected by the civil war in Somalia, that collapsed the already fragile education system, and are slowly recovering. Puntland and Somaliland face many challenges that affect the primary education, like the fragile economy. This study is based on the idea of education having positive impacts on households and the society as a whole. By recognizing challenges and ways to intervene, can development happen, further improving the lives of households and promoting the development of society. This study was executed as a narrative literature review. The final data consisted of seven (N=7) scientific studies and surveys. The data was analyzed by inductive content analysis. Three main results were found concerning the challenges facing Puntland’s and Somaliland’s primary education. Firstly, issues related to the society, such as major governing problems, poverty and children left out of primary education. Secondly, challenges related to the education system, such as weak professionalism of teachers, lack of a uniform education system and lack of proper school structure and materials. Thirdly, children’s inequality was also a major challenge; girls, rural children and nomads being the most disadvantaged. Two main results were found concerning how to face these challenges. Firstly, the development of the core fabric of the society, such as the political system, and advancing in both national and international cooperation to improve the primary education. Secondly, the development of the institutions, such as teacher training and Koranic schools, and the unification of the primary educaton as a whole, were suggested. The results of this study are not to be generalized and do not provide an exhausting answer to the challenges facing primary education or to the ways to develop it in Puntland and Somaliland. Nevertheless, the results provide an overview and general information about the challenges and development opportunities both in Puntland and Somaliland. Further studies could tackle the issues of teacher training system and it is implemented. Also, the functioning of the existing schools should be researched