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Valtakunnallinen Varhaiskasvatussuunnitelman perusteet (OPH, 2018) ohjaa sukupuolisensitiivisen kasvatuksen toteuttamiseen. Aiemmat tutkimukset kuitenkin osoittavat, ettei sukupuolisensitiivinen kasvatus toteudu, vaan varhaiskasvatuksen kentällä usein uusinnetaan sukupuolistereotypioita. Lisäksi sukupuolittuneisuus näkyy vahvasti Suomessa muun muassa työelämässä ja nuorten koulutusvalinnoissa. Varhaiskasvatuksella on merkittävä rooli sukupuoleen liittyvien stereotypioiden murtajana ja sukupuolten tasa-arvon edistäjänä. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoite oli tarkastella sukupuolisensitiivisen kasvatuksen toteutumista varhaiskasvatuksen kentällä. Tutkimuksella pyrittiin saamaan ymmärrystä siitä, miten sukupuolisensitiiviseen kasvatukseen suhtaudutaan. Lisäksi tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli kartoittaa tekijöitä, joiden koetaan estävän sukupuolisensitiivistä kasvatusta sekä tekijöitä, jotka koetaan sukupuolisensitiivistä kasvatusta edistäviksi. Tutkimuksessa pyrittiin myös tarkastelemaan, miten sukupuoleen liittyvät diskurssit näyttäytyvät varhaiskasvatuksen ammattilaisten kuvauksissa. Tutkimuksen aineistona olivat varhaiskasvatuksen työntekijöiden kuvaukset sukupuolisensitiivisestä kasvatuksesta. Aineisto kerättiin sähköisellä kyselylomakkeella, johon jaettiin linkki varhaiskasvatuksen työntekijöille tarkoitetussa sosiaalisen median ryhmässä. Kyselyyn vastasi 18 varhaiskasvatuksen ammattilaista. Aineisto analysoitiin seuraten temaattisen sisällönanalyysin prosessia. Tutkimus vahvisti aiempien tutkimusten tuloksia varhaiskasvatuksen sukupuolittavasta arjesta. Vastaajat kuvasivat laajalti kohtaamaansa sukupuolittunutta toimintaa ja puhetta. Vastaajia yhdisti vahva tietämys sukupuolisensitiivisestä kasvatuksesta, sukupuolen moninaisuudesta ja sukupuoleen liittyvistä kulttuurisista oletuksista. Vastaajat kokivat sukupuolisensitiivisen kasvatuksen tärkeäksi ja kuvailivat, miten henkilökunnan asenteet, tunteet ja tiedon ja ymmärryksen puute saattoivat estää sukupuolisensitiivisen kasvatuksen toteuttamista. Tutkimuksen mukaan sukupuolisensitiivistä kasvatusta edisti työyhteisön yhteinen reflektointi ja oman toiminnan kriittinen tarkastelu. Vaikka sukupuolisensitiivisyyden koettiin lisääntyneen, kuvailtiin kuitenkin, miten työyhteisössä joutui perustelemaan, selittämään ja joskus myös taistelemaan sukupuolisensitiivisen kasvatuksen toteuttamisen puolesta. Tutkimuksen tulokset tukevat muissakin tutkimuksissa esitettyä johtopäätöstä, jonka mukaan varhaiskasvatuksessa on tarve velvoittavalle tasa-arvosuunnitelmalle, joka ohjaisi sukupuolisensitiivisen kasvatuksen arviointia ja kehittämistä varhaiskasvatusyksiköissä. Lisäksi varhaiskasvatuksen ammattilaisia kouluttavien oppilaitosten tulisi tarjota kaikille pakollisia opintoja liittyen sukupuolten tasa-arvoon, sukupuolen moninaisuuteen sekä sukupuolisensitiivisen kasvatuksen toteuttamiseen.

Target. The purpose of this research is to search and find out what differences exist between Swedish-speaking schools' action plans for bullying. My theory about the research is that it there are differences in the action plans for bullying but that they work towards the same goal, that Stop the bullying. Previous research results show that bullying occurs in schools and approximately 50% of school students who are. Methods. This bachelor's thesis is performed as a thematic content analysis with an inductive form of analysis. The samples included in the thesis are four action plans for bullying from the schools, municipalities and cities included in the research. Research have been analysed and interpreted using thematic content analysis. Results and conclusions. A number of themes were discovered in the research results, these were the law, curriculum, Swedish schools in the Helsinki region, similarities and differences. All action plans included in this research differed to some extent, but all action plans had same goal. All action plans are based on the law and curriculum.

Befolkningens stigande ålder ökar på trycket att hålla den äldre befolkningens hälsa samt funktionsförmåga på så god nivå som möjligt, bland annat för att minska på hälsovårdskostnaderna men också minska trycket på äldreomsorgens begränsade resurser. För att säkra äldres välmående och hälsa är en hög funktionsförmåga också viktig för att öka möjligheterna till en självständig vardag. Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturöversikt är att utreda huruvida hantverk som verksamhet kunde främja, stöda och hjälpa att upprätthålla äldres funktionsförmåga. Genom att använda PICO-verktyget identifierades de centrala söktermerna för ämnet som sedan användes för databassökningar. Sökningarna utfördes under februari och mars 2023. I analysen inkluderades såväl slöjdvetenskapliga artiklar som vårdvetenskapliga studier kring äldres funktionsförmåga, faktorer som inverkar på funktionsförmågan och verksamhet som arrangerat för att stöda äldre, deras aktivitet och funktionsförmåga, och om hantverks inverkan på välmående och funktionsförmåga. Totalt 11 artiklar analyserades, av dessa var 4 studier utförda i Japan och en i Korea, två studier var från USA, en från Australien, två från Finland och en var utförd som ett samarbete mellan flera europeiska länder. Med i studien inkluderades både kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier, en exklusionskriterier var dock fallstudier, eftersom de sällan hjälper för att skapa en helhetsbild. I samband med urvalet av artiklar utfördes en kvalitetsanalys och endast de artiklar som bedömdes vara av hög kvalitet inkluderades. Verksamhet för äldre med syfte att stöda och upprätthålla deras funktionsförmåga ordnas i varierande utsträckning redan, men kunde utvecklas, och utnyttja metoder som vetenskapligt har bevisats stöda funktionsförmågan, såsom hantverk, kunde även utnyttjas andra yrkesgruppers expertis än vårdpersonal.

Objectives. The aim of the study was to collect information on craft entrepreneurship, who will become a craft entrepreneur and the reasons for craft entrepreneurship. Research tried to find answers to questions: Who is a craftsman?; Why people decide to be Handcraft Entrepreneur?; What should be considered when change from an amateur to an entrepreneur? And What kind of problems handcraft entrepreneur have encountered in their business? The aim of the study was to find answers to research questions from the studies already done and to make conclusions based on the material. Methods. The research method was a literature review. Literature review brings together the results of the research and serves as a basis for new research results. The review of the research literature was a narrative review of literature. In the literature review the studies which were published by public operators after year 2000 and debated on craft entrepreneurship, as well as master's theses and doctoral thesis in the field were studied. Results and conclusions. The study showed that there are many reasons for becoming a handcraft entrepreneur and they are very various. The definitions of the craftsman were also very varied and extensive. The problems experienced by craftsmen were very similar to other micro and small entrepreneurs. There were hardly any specific problems in this area. Answers to question what should be considered when moving from an amateur to an entrepreneur were not found in the material. So, this would be a good subject for further research.

Finnish children’s ability and eagerness to read has lately decreased. Technology is partly a reason for this decrease. Due to this problem, a need to maintain the conversation regarding the importance of reading was risen and a willingness to show by example how fictional literacy could be utilized in schools. The purpose of this study was to research how the constructivist learning theory appears in J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the sorcerer’s stone. The first book of the Harry Potter series was chosen to be analyzed because it is one of the most popular books in the world. Constructivist learning theory has a strong status in Finland and that is why it was decided to be set as the point of view in this study. It was recognized that the book might include another learning theory’s views on learning which is why also these findings tried to be highlighted. This study was a qualitative study and it used theory oriented content analysis as a research method. Theoretical framework was formed after the research planning. The study material was analyzed four times. The material which was analyzed contains 335 pages. Two main categories, learner and teaching, were generated after the analyzing rounds. These two categories consist from constructivist learning theory’s different concepts. The appearance of these chosen concepts were analyzed. According to the results, Harry Potter and the sorcerer’s stone manifested constructivist learning theory’s views on learning, learners and teachers. Especially they were highlighted in the learner category’s concepts. Those concepts which were under teaching category weren’t in accordance with constructivist learning theory. All in all the analyzed book seemed to speak on behalf of constructivist learning theory and it seemed to criticize other learning theories. In addition, this study showed how fictional literacy can be analyzed through scientific literacy and how fictional literacy can enrich our thinking. This is why the usage of fictional literacy beside school books should be seriously considered.

In my bachelor research my topic was to find out parents conceptions of language immersion in Sipoo. Main target was to reveal how immersion was arranged and how it effected to pupils and to their families. I constructed my theoretical background by representing language immersion and its different models. I made clear how immersion starts in Sipoo and what kind of language immersion will be used there. I have also researched students parents options: how home and children´s locality has been affected when parents have chosen that their children will start school education in language immersion school. I also studied how the pupils felt when being in the language immersion kindergarten and what kind of feelings they had later at school regarding language immersion. Also I tried to solve parents and siblings attitudes of language immersion and of Swedish language. One question to clear up was how the language immersion has affected siblings and their reactions on each other. As conclusion of my research I suggest some possible improvement points which could be tested in everyday classroom teaching where language immersion are used as pedagogical method.

Tämän kandidaatintutkielman tarkoituksena oli tutkia improvisaation kognitiivisten piirteiden yhteyttä sävellyttämisen työtapaan. Aikaisempi tutkimus on osoittanut, että improvisaation ja muiden luovien työtapojen käyttö koetaan koulussa hankalaksi ja aikaa vieväksi. Monet luovat toimintatavat ovat olleet pitkään opetussuunnitelmien lehdillä, mutta siitä huolimatta aiemman tutkimuksen mukaan moni suomalaisen peruskoulun oppilas kokee, ettei ole koskaan osallistunut luovaan keksimiseen tai tuottamiseen musiikin opetuksessa. Halusin kartoittaa, millä tavoin improvisaatiota voitaisiin yhdistellä muihin säveltämisen keinoihin, tässä tapauksessa sävellyttämiseen, ja sitä kautta lisätä niiden määrää ja merkitystä luokkahuonetyöskentelyssä. Tutkimus toteutettiin kuvailevana kirjallisuuskatsauksena. Tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin improvisaatiota ja sen kognitiivisia piirteitä sävellyttämisen kontekstissa. Tutkimus osoitti, että improvisaatiolla ja sävellyttämisellä on monia yhtäläisyyksiä. Improvisaation ja sävellyttämisen lähtökohdat esimerkiksi motivaation kannalta olivat hyvin samankaltaiset. Molemmat sävellysmenetelmät olivat sovellettavissa oppilaan oman taitotason mukaisiksi, ja niillä molemmilla oli yhteyksiä myös musiikin teoreettiseen oppimiseen. Oppimisprosessin seuraamisen kannalta sävellyttämistä oli helpompi seurata ja tarkastella kuin improvisaatiota, sillä improvisaatioprosessi jää usein vain improvisoijan itsensä näkyville. Opettajalla oli keskeinen rooli kummankin työskentelytavan yhteydessä turvallisen ja motivoivan ilmapiirin ja oppimisympäristön varmistajana. Improvisaatiolla ja sävellyttämisellä on paljon yhteisiä piirteitä, jolloin niitä on mahdollista yhdistää mielekkäiksi oppimiskokonaisuuksiksi.

There has been very little research on bead embroidery on the context of contemporary art. The aim of the study was to describe the use of beads and bead embroidery in contemporary art by using one case as an example. The research assignment was to examine how the technique used by textile artist Aura Kajaniemi has emerged and evolved and how the materials and the used technique affect the artist's expression. The study describes a case that serves as an example of bead embroidery as a means of artistic expression. The research is a qualitative case study and the research data consist of an interview with textile artist Aura Kajaniemi. The data was transcribed and analyzed by a theory-driven content analysis method. Three main categories emerged from the data: 1) bead business, 2) working process, 3) being an artist. The categories were divided on to subcategories. The result of the research is a narratively whole case which describes the meaning of beads and bead embroidery and their effects on expression and the experience of being an artist. Examining the emerge and evolvement of the technique it turned out that beads and bead embroidery contained many meanings that still influenced artist's expression. The beads did not seem to restrict the creation and enabled the visual unity of different themes. Due to its features the material was also used in the sketching phase. The used materials and technique appeared to be mediums to express an idea rather than to be its source.

Aims. The expansion of higher education in the late 20th century has brought about changes in many traditional academic structures. For example, the traditional regional recruitment base of the student nations of Helsinki University broke down and their membership was made voluntary in 1969. During the next decades the number of new members in student nations declined rapidly despite the rise in overall student enrolment. The aim of this study is to investigate the changing role of the student nations through the changing regional and social basis of their new members from the 1970s to 1990s. For the subject of this study was chosen Hämäläis-Osakunta student nation, where the change was most rapid. This study aims to approach structural changes in education from the viewpoint of educational sociology by inspecting the representation of different social groups in the membership of the nation through the means of participation ratio to filter the changes of simultaneous changes in educational and societal structure. Methods. The study uses data from the membership register of Hämäläis-Osakunta. A permission to use the data was obtained from the nation. No identifiable personal data were collected. The data was picked from new member entries from the period 1969-1999 with ten-year intervals. The regional background of the members was operationalised by the place of the matriculation exam and the social background by the occupational status of the father, which was classified according to the census classification rules of Statistics Finland. Participation ratios were calculated with employed males ages 45–54 as base population. These were compared to new students of both at Helsinki University and countrywide as well as new members of Savo nation. Findings and conclusions. The social background of new Hämäläis-Osakunta members was observed to follow the general development of new students both at Helsinki University and countrywide. Exceptional growth of the nation's membership was mainly due to increase in members from Uusimaa region, while the traditional recruitment area of Häme declined until the 1990s. At the same time, the proportion of descendants of upper level employees (especially with higher education degrees) grew, although the overrepresentation of these groups was somewhat mitigated by the general rise of social status. From a regional viewpoint, a clear division could be observed: the role of upper level employees was accentuated in Uusimaa, while in Häme and the rest of Finland the social breakdown was more even. The representation of agricultural workforce increased slightly, while that of lower level employees decreased; workers remained largely underrepresented. The findings support the conclusion that traditional academic institutions, like student nations, retain their appeal most persistently among the more educated classes, who can best recognize their cultural capital.

Aims. The topic is relevant since early language teaching begins in Helsinki in the academic year of 2018-2019. The aim of this study is to introduce decision and the produced model of early language learning in Helsinki. I also present four example studies (Spain, 2006; Netherlands, 2014; Germany, 2017; Switzerland, 2017) made in Europe about early language learning in school context to background the decision made in Helsinki. Example studies provided emerging factors which were compared to decision and model in Helsinki. My research questions are: 1) What is the Helsinki's decision on early language teaching compared to the factors that have arisen from example studies? 2) How is the early language teaching of the city of Helsinki argued in relation to research in the field? The aim of my first research question is to present the model of early language education produced in Helsinki by comparing it to the factors that were risen from earlier studies. The purpose of the comparative approach is to make the reader aware of factors in the decision from the perspective of the learner and the teacher. The aim of my second research question is to provide a reader with a critical overview of how the Helsinki's decision-making process has taken into account the field's research. Through both research questions I aim to answer to my research problem - what kind of early language teaching has formed in Helsinki? Methods. This research is based on the tradition of comparative education. In the case of Finland, the early language learning (A1-language) implemented in the school context does not have fresh research data, and therefore the comparative methods are justified in this study. The material of the study is based on education policy documents of the Helsinki City Council and the Education Department, as well as on four early school education studies produced in the European school context. Results and Conclusions. According of the used research and theory Helsinki's decision on early language teaching is aimed in the right direction because it focuses on the phonological competence of learners. Studies of early language learning in school context in Europe suggests that early language learning is ineffective in relation to older learners in the long run. In Helsinki, exposure to language teaching will be 90 minutes per week. As a whole students starting language learning in first grade will receive approximately 140 hours of language instruction in relation to students starting on third grade. In finland first two grades do not have qualification requirements for language teachers which can lead to worse learning outcomes and a weakening of motivation. A significant further research question will be; how early language teaching influences pupils' phonological skills in relation to older students development in the longer term?