Browsing by Subject "Dissosiatiivinen identiteettihäiriö"

Aims Previous studies have shown that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), borderline personality disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia resemble dissociative identity disorder (DID). Although symptoms in these disorders are similar, their treatment is not, which makes it important to reach for a correct diagnosis. The aim of this review is to clarify differential diagnosis in DID in relation to PTSD, BPD and schizophrenia and find features that are present exclusively in DID. Methods and Results The review included 17 scientific articles. DID-groups had more and more severe symptoms, especially concerning dissociation. Also, the ability to function in everyday life was better in DID-patients. Overall, they had more unusual perceptional experiences, positive and borderline symptoms than PTSD-groups, more amnesia, other psychiatric diagnoses and different kind of usage of defences than within BPD-patients, and more positive symptoms than schizophrenics, differing particularly in the quality of auditory hallucinations. On the other hand, BPD-groups had more borderline personality features whereas schizophrenics were more delusional than DID-patients. Discussion The review was not able to identify any factors that would account exclusively for DID, but the amount of dissociation and severity of symptoms were found as concurrent factors that help to differentiate DID from PTSD, BPD and schizophrenia. However, there are also many subtle differences between specific examined disorders and DID, which have to be taken into consideration. Useful methods in differential diagnosis are structured clinical interviews based on DSM-5, measures of dissociation and observations by significant others. Problems relating to the research of DID will be discussed.