Browsing by Subject "Psykoosi"

The definition of psychosis has evolved over the past few decades to describe a syndrome which includes hallucinations, delusions, and thought disorders. Psychosis is especially associated with psychotic disorders and they cause significant suffering to the individual and a considerable burden to society. In addition, studies have found the syndrome to be associated with other mental disorders such as depression. Milder expressions of psychosis can also be measured in the general population. Disorders that include psychotic symptoms have more similarities than differences: different diagnoses may have similar cognitive deficits and neurobiological abnormalities. The current clinical definition for psychosis does not appear to be comprehensive enough to describe its nature. In this thesis psychosis was initially examined based on the diagnostic system, after which the phenomenon was reviewed transdiagnostically without clinical categorization. The view of the diagnostic system on psychosis was then compared with the transdiagnostic perspective. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive, critical, and current overview of the understanding of psychosis. The literature search for this thesis was done on the PubMed database, and current reviews and studies were selected as articles that brought a new perspective to psychosis. The articles examined the DSM-5’s view of psychosis as well as two major dimensional frameworks. In the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) psychosis is viewed through the continuum of psychological processes, whereas in the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) psychosis is approached through neurobiological mechanisms. The frameworks provided a complementary perspective on psychosis. According to this thesis, psychosis was a syndrome of transdiagnostic nature, of diverse etiology and still partly unclear. The syndrome involved many transdiagnostic processes and mechanisms and could be perceived both dimensionally and hierarchically. Transdiagnostic research may develop biological treatment methods and find ways to improve clinical practice between different diagnoses. Diagnostic systems will lead our understanding of mental health for a long time to come, but the transdiagnostic perspective is gaining significant ground and has the potential to inform future diagnostic systems.