Browsing by Subject "epävakaa persoonallisuushäiriö"
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(2020)Introduction: The purpose of this review is to point out the results of genetic studies on borderline personality disorder and to discuss the possible genetic influence in the development of the disorder in relation to other influencing etiological factors. This review evaluates if research results support the heritability of borderline personality disorder. At the early stages of the disorders’ etiological studies only psychosocial factors were examined, thus the genetic point of view in the development of borderline symptoms was ignored. The genetic perspective has received more attention lately, however the amount of genetic studies on the subject is still rather limited. Methods: A literature search was conducted using OvidMedline database using search terms borderline personality disorder, BPD, impulsivity, heritability, genetics, development, family studies, adoption studies and twin studies. Results and Conclusions: The results of genetic studies on borderline personality disorder support its heritability. Family studies suggest a noticeable familial aggregation effect, and the risk for borderline personality disorder was greater for immediate relatives of individuals who have been diagnosed with borderline personality. Based on findings from twin studies, the heritability varied between 42-69 percent. Genetic research has not yet identified genetic variants specific to borderline personality disorder, but there was some evidence of a common genetic liability across multiple mental health disorders. Borderline personality disorder is one of the most challenging mental health disorders, and regardless its low prevalence it often leads to hospitalization or outpatient care. With an early identification and focused treatment, it could be possible to lessen individual’s suffering, increase ability to function and reduce the financial burden it causes to society. Since research results support borderline personality disorder’s heritability, raised awareness about the genetic liability amongst health care professionals is a promising start in identifying high-risk groups and planning the treatment.
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(2022)Epävakaa persoonallisuushäiriö on yksi yleisimmistä persoonallisuushäiriöistä ja sillä on vaikutuksia henkilön toiminta- ja työkykyyn. Toisin kuin useimpien mielialahäiriöiden kuten masennuksen osalta, epävakaan persoonallisuushäiriön vaikutuksia syrjäytymiselle on tutkittu melko vähän. Syrjäytymistä kuvaa elämän eri osa alueiden haasteiden kumuloituminen ja kokemus siitä, ettei ole osallinen yhteiskunnassa. Syrjäytymistä voidaan indikoida esimerkiksi työllisyyden mittareilla, kuten NEET-indikaattorilla (not in education, employment or training). Tämän kirjallisuuskatsauksen tarkoituksena on tutkia epävakaan persoonallisuushäiriön vaikutuksia työkyvylle. Oletuksena on, että epävakaa persoonallisuushäiriö heikentää työkykyä ja on yhteydessä työttömyyteen. Tiedonkeruumenetelmänä käytettiin aineistohakua Scopus-tietokannasta. Mukaan valikoitui sietsemän tutkimusta, joissa tutkittiin joko diagnoosin tai oirekyselyn mukaan todetun epävakaan persoonallisuushäiriön tai sen piirteiden vaikutuksia työkyvylle, työllisyydelle tai NEET-statukselle. Tutkittavat olivat 15–65-vuotiaita. Mukaan otetiin kolme nuoriin kohdistuvaa poikittaistutkimusta, kaksi aikuisiin kohdistuvaa poikittaistutkimusta ja kaksi pitkittäistutkimusta, joista toinen oli kaksostutkimus. Tämän katsauksen tulokset osoittivat, että epävakaalla persoonallisuushäiriöllä oli heikentäviä vaikutuksia työkyvylle, ja se altisti työttömyydelle ja NEET-statukselle. Myös diagnoosikynnyksen alittavat piirteet vaikuttivat heikentävästi työkykyyn ja työllisyyteen. Epävakaa persoonallisuushäiriö näyttäisi vaikuttavan työkykyyn myös yhtä paljon kuin masennus tai ahdistus ja erityisesti ne, joilla on persoonallisuushäiriön lisäksi päällekkäisiä masennusoireita, kokevat eniten haittaa työkyvyn kannalta. Epävakaan persoonallisuushäiriön aiheuttaman työkyvyn aleneman kuntouttamisesta voisi olla hyötyä syrjäytymisen estämiselle.
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(2019)Borderline personality disorder is a mental disorder which is associated with high levels of subjective suffering and severe decline in everyday functioning. It is considered quite difficult to treat and it has been linked to substantially increased risks of self-injurious behaviour and morbidity due to suicides. The psychopathology and core symptomology of borderline personality disorder can be conceptualized through the feelings of chronic shame and having a shameful self-image. Shame is a highly aversive affect, which has many different unadaptive behavioural and cognitive consequences. Borderline personality disorder has been linked to many abnormalities in emotional processing of shame and in susceptibilies to experiencing affects of shame. Self-compassion is a theme adopted to western psychology from Buddhist traditions. Self-compassion has recently seen an increase of attention in the field of modern psychology. It has been linked to many positive psychological correlates and to reduced general psychopathology. Self-compassion constitutes of an attitude to oneself in which one accepts his/herself subjective difficulties with mindfulness and as an essential part of the common human experience. Self-compassionate attitude toward oneself, also includes the desire to alleviate ones subjective suffering. Based on intuition self-compassion seems to target the main difficulties behind the problems that are faced by people with borderline personality disorder and chronic feelings shame. The objective of this paper was to examine the empirical and theoretical data of the role of shame in explaining the symptomology of borderline personality disorder and the applicability of self-compassion in treatment of psychopathology stemming from intense feelings of shame. Randomized controlled trials, pilot studies of self-compassion based interventions, meta-analyses and systematic reviews were searched from common psychological databases and Google Scholar. Additionally articles were included in this paper after manual scanning of the lists of reference of the selected literature. Even though the information obtained from research on the applicability of self-compassion in treatment of borderline personality disorder and transdiagnostic shame has its limitations, self-compassion may have its unique additional offerings to the treatment of borderline personality disorder. Future research on the mechanisms of change in self-compassion and their neural substrates would be highly useful in order to understand the potential mediating effect of transdiagnostic shame in reduced psychopathology associated with developing a self-compassionate attitude.
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(2018)Differing from the previous view of the development of diseases, the past few centuries research has recognised the developmental nature of diseases and the impact of prenatal factors. Different personality disorders have also been linked to adverse prenatal factors. Recent studies have focused on the effects of risk factors such as being born premature or small for gestational age, being exposed to prenatal stress or teratogens, and maternal nutrition during gestation. The effects of these factors on later personality disorders have differed according to the study and the methods it has used, but there seems to be a rather consistent connection between prenatal adversity and personality disorders. The most probable explanation for this is that an adverse prenatal environment affects the fetus’s neurodevelopment, causing a metaplastic state that exposes the individual to later adversity.
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