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Browsing by Subject "hoito"

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  • MS-taudin neuropsykologinen oirekuva, hoito ja kuntoutus 
    Mäkinen, Jenna (2017)
    Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease, which usually has its onset in early adulthood. Both physical and neuropsychological symptoms are related to MS. Neuropsychological symptoms include cognitive and behavioral symptoms, and up to 65% of MS patients suffer from cognitive symptoms. The most common cognitive symptoms in literature are deficits in memory functions and information processing speed, and impairments in visual learning. The most often reported behavioral symptoms are instability, irritability, and inflexibility. There have been many attempts to find effective treatment and rehabilitation methods. Previously, studies of neuropsychological rehabilitation of MS were primarily concerned of rehabilitation of memory and learning ability functions whereas currently, the interest seems to be in the treatment possibilities of attentional processes and information processing speed. Pharmacological treatments (e.g. acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and natalizumab) for neuropsychological symptoms in MS have also been tested. Changes in behavior and habits may also be needed for relieving symptoms. It is possible to increase brain activation of MS patients with neuropsychological rehabilitation, and by using fMRI it has been shown that the brain of MS patients compensate the impaired brain functioning by increasing the brain activation. Rehabilitation is used to improve and maintain patient’s quality of life and ability to work. Neuropsychological rehabilitation may have long-term positive effects on patient’s quality of life. The purpose of this review is to consider what is currently known about the treatment and rehabilitation possibilities of the neuropsychological symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Problems with the studies conducted so far are small number of subjects and controls, and conflicting results between studies. That is why it is important to conduct more studies in order to find suitable and effective treatment and rehabilitation methods for neuropsychological symptoms in MS.
  • Onko psykopaattisten väkivaltarikollisten hoito mahdollista? 
    Westerlund, Inka (2020)
    Psychopathy is an abnormality of personality characterized by, for example, superficiality of emotional life, glibness, manipulation, and antisociality. Psychopathic individuals burden each stage of the justice system, and they are overrepresented in prison. Psychopathic people fall into violent crimes and also repeat their crimes more often than others. Contradictory results have been obtained in the past for the treatment of psychopathic individuals, and sometimes the treatment may even have worsened psychopathy. There is a general perception that treating psychopathic individuals is impossible or at least very difficult. There are many limitations in previous studies and overall research on the topic is still quite limited. Psychopathy is not a diagnosis recognized by common diagnostic manuals. It can be reliably assessed by using the PCL-R checklist, which is the most widely used and accepted tool for assessing psychopathy. The aim of this review was to determine whether violent offenders who have been assessed psychopathic with the PCL-R checklist or it`s youth version PCL:YV, can be treated. Studies published in the 21st century on the response to treatment of psychopathic violent offenders were used as source literature. This review dealt with treatments for adults and adolescents separately. The results obtained from the treatment of adults were cautiously promising. In particular, treatment could contribute to the improvement of social skills and insight. Overall, the risk of violence was reduced through treatment, but among some psychopathic individuals, violent behavior increased. This could be the result of a repulsive attitude towards treatment or authorities. The results from the treatment of young people were more promising. Intensive care for adolescents halved the risk of violent crimes, and the number of psychopathic features was not found to affect the response to treatment. Long-term treatment gave the best results. The results are promising, especially for young people. However, the results are still preliminary. In order to draw more certain conclusions, more randomized and controlled trials should be made. In addition, the persistence of treatment outcomes should be investigated in follow-up studies with long follow-up periods.
  • Tunnekylmien piirteiden kehitys lapsuudessa ja nuoruudessa: suojaavat ja altistavat tekijät 
    Pajunen, Marika (2021)
    Tavoitteet. Aiemman tutkimustiedon valossa tunnekylmät piirteet vaikeuttavat käytöshäiriöiden hoitoa ja ovat yhteydessä negatiivisiin kehityskulkuihin. Tutkielmassa tarkastellaan, miten tunnekylmät piirteet kehittyvät lapsuudessa ja nuoruudessa, ja mitkä tekijät tähän kehitykseen vaikuttavat. Menetelmät. Katsauksen aineistoksi haettiin vuoden 2006 jälkeen julkaistuja artikkeleita. Google Scholarin ja Pubmedin tietokannoissa käytettiin seuraavia hakusanayhdistelmiä: callous AND unemotional AND longitudinal, callous AND unemotional AND treatment ja callous AND unemotional AND intervention. Tulokset ja johtopäätökset. Tunnekylmillä piirteillä havaittiin useita taustatekijöitä ja erilaisia kehityskaaria. Tunnekylmiin piirteisiin voidaan vaikuttaa vanhemmuusinterventioilla ja yksilöllisesti kohdennetuilla hoidoilla. Tietoa tunnekylmyyden etiologiasta sekä suojaavista ja altistavista tekijöistä on mahdollista hyödyntää interventioiden kehittämistyössä. Vielä ei tiedetä riittävästi eri tekijöiden vaikutuksesta tunnekylmiin piirteisiin eri kehitysvaiheissa.

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