Browsing by Subject "kriittinen ajattelu"

Aims. The aim of this study was to describe how the tri-process theory of rational thinking outlines the reflective mind and the measures that have been used to study it. Based on the theory, the modes of human information processing can be divided into the type 1 autonomic and implicit processes, and to the type 2 thinking processes that are more cognitively taxing and challenging. Type 2 processes enable logical and critical thinking. The type 2 processes can be further divided into the algorithmic mind and the reflective mind. While the algorithmic mind enables logical reasoning, the reflective mind operates between the autonomic and the algorithmic minds, overseeing the autonomous thoughts and transferring the information processing to the algorithmic mind when necessary, and overriding the autonomic responses when needed. Until now, the reflective mind has been studied through self- report measures related to thinking dispositions and through problem-solving tasks. This review describes and evaluates the measures of need for cognition, actively open-minded thinking and cognitive reflection test, and the findings from previous studies based on them. Methods. The review is based on the tri-process theory of rational thought, and the literature of the need for cognition, actively open-minded thinking and the cognitive reflection test. Conclusions. Based on this study, the reflective mind has been previously studied with a diverse set of measures that reflect its definition. The functioning of the reflective mind revolves around the attitudes related to knowledge, beliefs, motivation, general knowledge, and its activity in situations that require reasoning. The measures mentioned in this study cover most of these elements, but they do not comprise the effect that general knowledge and beliefs about the world have on the reflective mind. In the future, it would be beneficial to utilize also measures that take into account the lacking perceptions people have about the phenomena of the surrounding world.