Browsing by Author "Autio, Mirka"

Phosphorus is traditionally considered to be the primary nutrient limiting primary production in lakes. More recent studies show that sometimes nitrogen can be the limiting nutrient for phytoplankton production in temperate lakes. This study investigated whether the nitrogen has a major role along with phosphorus in the primary production of lakes. In addition, it was studied if the limiting nutrient changes during the growing season and does the residence time of the lake affect the level of nutrient limitation. The subject lakes were Ormajärvi, Suolijärvi, Lehee, Pyhäjärvi and Iso-Roine, which are the headwater lakes of the Kokemäenjoki in Kanta-Häme. The lakes were sampled for bioassays once a month from June to September in 2004 and in May 2005, a total of five times. There were four treatments: control, lake water + P, lake water + N, lake water + P + N. For each treatment there were five replicates. There was one concentration level for each nutrient treatment. The nutrient concentration of treatments depended on the nutrient content of the lakes. To determine the combined effect of nutrients both of them were added at the same time. Nitrogen treatment solution was prepared from potassium nitrate and phosphorus treatment solution from potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Bioassays were conducted as a pure culture of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata Prinz -algae. Zooplankton was removed from the lake water samples, which were then sampled for nutrient analysis. The water samples were autoclaved and filtered prior to the bioassays. Bioassays were carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks containing 60 ml of lake water, the nutrient solutions and 0.5 ml pure culture of P. subcapitata. Algae were grown in continuous illumination until the exponential growth stopped. Algal growth was monitored by taking samples of a few ml from the flasks roughly every other day. Algae in samples were counted by a microscope in Lund chambers. The actual variables were the maximum number of cells or yield and the growth rate. The limiting nutrient was found out by comparing the yield and the growth rate of different nutrient treatments to the control. The results of the bioassays were tested statistically with non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H-test. Algal bioassays expressed only phosphorus limitation. Phosphorus limited the yield in the bioassays of Suolijärvi in August 2004 and May 2005. In Lehee and Pyhäjärvi phosphorus limited growth rate in May 2005. There was neither nitrogen limitation nor co-limitation in any of the bioassays. So the limiting nutrient didn't change during the growing season. Phosphorus treatments inhibited the growth of algae from time to time in 2004 in Ormajärvi, Suolijärvi, Pyhäjärvi and Lehee. In May 2005 there was no inhibition. Nutrient limitation was stronger in lakes with a long retention time. These bioassays indicate that reducing phosphorus loading would control eutrophication of this chain of lakes. The phosphorus treatments couldn t cause the inhibition. The cause of inhibition originated most likely from the drainage area due to heavy rains in summer 2004. It could be, for example, zinc or arsenic.