Browsing by Subject "Metapopulation"

The Glanville fritillary (Melitaea cinxia) butterfly inhabiting the fragmented meadows and pastures in the Åland Islands, Finland, has a classic metapopulation structure: its long-term persistence depends on frequent re-colonization events counter-balancing the extinctions of local populations. The spatial structure and the temporal dynamics of the metapopulation are likely to influence genetic variation within and among local population networks. With high population turnover, population declines accelerate genetic drift, potentially leading to a reduction in neutral genetic diversity. This loss is likely to be counteracted with immigration bringing in new alleles especially in well-connected populations. Dispersal has indeed been shown to be a key mechanism in maintaining genetic variation and adaptive potential in fragmented landscapes. In my MSc-thesis, I am utilizing long-term monitoring and genetic data collected from semi-independent networks from the main Åland region (Saltivik) and from two isolated island networks Föglö and Sottunga. Specifically, I investigate how genetic variation varies in time and space, in relation to demographic change and whether the responses vary among well- and poorly-connected networks and/or between island and mainland networks. My results showed that the total number of nests fluctuated in all the networks across time. Heterozygosity appeared to track the changes in population abundance but this tracking varied among the networks. Although connectivity did not explain the change in heterozygosity during the decline years, allele frequencies shifted over time and the speed of change in allele frequencies differed among networks.