Browsing by Subject "nuclear power plant"

Almost one third of the electrical power manufactured in Finland is made with nuclear power. Running nuclear power plant generates always some radioactive emissions that should be monitored in the vicinities of power plants. This Master's Thesis' aims were to compare Finnish nuclear power plants', Loviisa and Olkiluoto, radiation surveillance programmes with other European programmes and find suggests considering the collected species, frequencies and sample network. Species and sample frequencies in current sampling programmes were evaluated also by the surveillance programmes data collected and analysed between years 2005 and 2010. In this Thesis was also reported could current surveillance programmes species be used as sample species with the new nuclear power plant nuclear monitoring at Pyhäjoki. Also community and ecosystem radiation protection were considered. Swiss, Swedish, German and French radiation surveillance programmes were examined for this work. New sample species were searched from these programmes and also from other sources. The suitability of the suggested species were considered mainly by literature. Species composition at Pyhäjoki was examined from literature. Finnish surveillance programmes are extensive and diverse comparing to programmes in the other countries. Improvement proposals to the sample species and frequencies were nonetheless found. Adequate new species would be at least earthworms, flounder and groundwater. Improvements to the sample frequencies were also suggested and at least mushroom and sediment sampling should be more frequent. Species composition at Pyhäjoki diverse slightly from the species found at Loviisa and Olkiluoto. Based on the literature at least bladder wrack and possibly Common mussel and Baltic tellin are absent from Pyhäjoki. Southern Finland surveillance programmes can still be used as a base for the Pyhäjoki surveillance program and species that are absence just has to be replaced with some similar abundant species. Using the best available knowledge and data collected between years 2005 and 2010 the local population is not exposed to significant amount of nuclear power plant origin radiation. Suggested changes to sample species and sample frequencies would make radiation surveillance programmes even more adequate for monitoring discharges from nuclear power plants. This Master's Thesis will give basic knowledge of the new sample species that would suite to Finnish nuclear power plant radiation surveillance programmes. New species selected from literature should be analysed for radionuclide concentrations before species are added to the sampling programmes. Species composition and quantities at Pyhäjoki should be examined before the final sampling programme is made.