Browsing by Subject "neuronal cytoplasmic inclusion bodies"

Inclusion bodies are intracellular limited aggregates that consist of subcellular components, such as proteins, that have folded incorrectly, accumulated, and not been eliminated by cells protective systems. Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusion bodies are formed in many human neurodegenerative diseases but have also been found in some canine neurodegenerative diseases. Malfunction of protein degradation systems has been linked to formation of inclusion bodies but the underlying purpose behind inclusion body formation is still often unknown. Lagotto Romagnolo (LR) is an old Italian dog breed. Several neurological diseases, such as benign familial juvenile epilepsy and cerebellar cortical abiotrophy, are known to occur among LR dogs. Eosinophilic neuronal cytoplasmic inclusion bodies have been discovered in brain samples of LR dogs with benign familial juvenile epilepsy and in LRs without clinical signs of disease. This licentiate thesis consists of a literature review and a histological study. The literature review introduces neuronal inclusion bodies and their known contents in general, as well as human and canine diseases linked to these inclusion bodies along with cellular processes that might be linked to the formation of inclusions. The most common staining methods used for neuronal inclusion bodies are also presented briefly. The study is a descriptive, retrospective study aiming to define the content of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusion bodies of LR dogs. The study material consisted of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain samples from four LR dogs that underwent autopsy at Section for Veterinary Pathology, University of Helsinki, from 2012 to 2018. One female dog with and three female dogs without neurological signs, all with a finding of intraneuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in the brain sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin-stain, were chosen for further stainings. The geniculate nuclei brain samples were stained histochemically for glycoproteins, lipoproteins, basic amino acids, and fibrin. Immunohistochemical stains used were ubiquitin, a-synuclein, β-amyloid, p62, LC3 and 1C2. The inclusions stained positively with Mallory phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin staining (PTAH) in all tested samples. PTAH is a histochemical stain with a high affinity to basic amino acids lysine, arginine, and histidine. Neuronal inclusion bodies that are positive on PTAH have been found as spontaneous age-related lesions in laboratory mice. In electron microscopy, the inclusion material was electron dense and finely granular with some small vesicular profiles without a limiting membrane. In conclusion, the neuronal inclusion bodies in geniculate nuclei of LR dogs in this study contain basic amino acids and not carbohydrates, lipids, or fibrinous material. The inclusion bodies are, however, not targeted for degradation as no p62, LC3 or ubiquitin signal was detected. Aggregation of a-synuclein or β-amyloid were also not detected within the inclusion.