Browsing by Subject "inhibiittori"

Alpha-beta-hydrolase domain containing proteins (ABHD) are involved in lipid metabolism and its regulation in human and animal cells. Approximately 50 of these proteins have been identified and their physiological and pathophysiological functions are still further investigated. ABHD2, ABHD3, ABHD4, ABHD5, ABHD6, ABHD12 and ABHD16 are involved in the metabolism of glycerin esters and phospholipids, in particular lipid mediator 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and its metabolites have a significant effect on neuroinflammation via the endocannabinoid system. ABHD12 and ABHD16A were at the center of focus in this thesis as enzymes regulating phosphatidylserine and pro-inflammatory lysophosphatidylserine. In this study, toxicity of five (5) abietane terpene derivatives was tested using mouse E15/16 prenatal cortical neurons, cultured in 96-well plates. There were totally 8 plates cultured in three different batches, 60 cell containing wells per each plate. Wells from each plate were divided into treatment groups of 17, three concentrations of every five compound, control and VEH groups. Those concentrations were 0,1 µM, 1 µM and 10 µM, and for the last two plates 1 µM, 10 µM and 100 µM. Treatment was also separated into three batches like the cell culturing. After treatment, number of living cortical neurons in each treatment groups were counted. For that, cells were treated with immunofluorescent NeuN and DAPI antigens and the fluorescence was imagined with automated microscope. CellProfiler was used to recognize and count the number of living cortical neurons. Immunofluorescent MAP2 antigens were also used but because the shape of MAP2-fluorescing cells, CellProfiler could not recognize them. Intensity of MAP2-fluorescence were measured from those imaged, so the work would not be wasted. One-way ordinary variance analyze ANOVA was carried out for the data to figure out if there were statistically significant results. For compound TAC174, there were several significant results with different concentrations but unfortunately, some results showed signs of toxicity and others improved cell-growth. Some significant results were also found with compounds TAC121, TAC147 and TAD40 showing sings of toxicity, but reliability of those results was questioned. Only one compound, TAC150 was not showing clear toxicity towards mouse cortical neurons, at least with lower concentrations. For conclusion, there were no clear or significant results if these compounds are toxic for cortical neurons. TAC150 showed the least sings of toxicity, therefore it could possibly be considered for further studies in medical field.

Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP, E.C. 3.4.21.26) cleaves short peptides, of less than 30 amino acid long, at the C-side of an internal proline. It has been associated with many pathophysiological processes, such as neurodegeneration and inflammation. At the moment there are no studies that have been focused on POP function in multiple sclerosis (MS). A preliminary study in a Spanish cohort reported altered POP activity in plasma samples of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS) compared with healthy controls. Also they observed increased levels of the endogenous POP inhibitor in plasma samples of patients with RR-MS. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the POP activity levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from RR-MS patients and healthy controls in a Finnish population using a kinetic fluorescence assay. The seral levels of the endogenous POP inhibitor were also investigated by preincubating recombinant porcine POP (rPOP) with serum and determining the percentual decrease of POP activity compared to basal rPOP values (inhibitory capacity %). The second objective of this study was to purify and characterize the endogenous POP inhibitor in serum. In order to accomplish this goal, different biochemical and biophysical features, such as temperature resistance and filtering cut-off were tested. Also a combination of chromatographic approaches (affinity/anion exchange/hydrophobic interaction chromatography) with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and protein staining was used. All the differences observed in POP activity/inhibitor levels (serum, serum with DTT, CSF) between healthy controls and patients with RR-MS in this study did not reach statistical significance due to low values in all the samples. However, the trends in all the measured parameters were similar to the preliminary study in a Spanish cohort. Thus, the data supports further, more comprehensive, studies on the role of POP in MS. After series of chromatographic runs, a mass spectrometry analysis revealed the endogenous POP inhibitor to be α2-macroglobulin, a panprotease inhibitor in serum. α2-Macroglobulin has also been associated with MS, thus this finding substantiate the relationship between POP and MS.