Browsing by Subject "osallistava suunnittelu"

Citizen participation in urban planning has increased in recent decades. In Finland, it is one of the primary objectives of the national Land Use And Building Act (Maankäyttö- ja rakennuslaki), which means participatory planning required in all land use planning. General plan is a document that provides general guidelines for land use and assigns land for different purposes to form a basis for detailed planning and construction. In Helsinki, the latest general plan was accepted by the City Council in 2016. One of the topics that received the largest attention throughout the process was the city's decision to turn its highway-like entry routes into city boulevards that favour pedestrians, cyclist and public transport. This Master's Thesis examines citizen participation in the Helsinki general plan in 2016 with the focus on the city boulevard question. It examines the discussion which took place between the city planners and three groups: other public officials, neighbouring municipalities and individual citizens.The data for this thesis comes from the document called interaction report, in which the planners summarise the comments from these stakeholders and respond to criticism. Through the method of rhetorical analysis, the thesis will seek to answer how the planning decisions are justified, how the planners respond to criticism and how is the planning situation framed for different interest groups. The analysis shows that the main ways to justify the city boulevards were the city's jurisdiction to make this decision, and the collaboration and investigations that had gone into the process. The city boulevard were framed as a city development project that brings growth and benefits everyone. This thesis, more generally, explores the questions of general planning and participation, and gives important insight into the citizen participation process in Finland.

Objectives. The aim of this user-centered design-based research was to create a disc golf bag suitable for running use, designed for active disc golf enthusiasts. The research was based on the FEA model developed by Lamb and Kallal (1992) for the development of clothing design. This model considers user needs and preferences in product design-based, with the fundamental principles of product functionality, expressiveness, and aesthetics. Previous bag and backpack studies have shown that it is essential to consider proper fit, even weight distribution, ergonomics, and the weight of the bag/backpack in relation to the carrier's weight. Methods. The data for this thesis were collected from an active disc golf enthusiast, whose needs and preferences were the basis for product development. The participating individual played the role of an expert in the research. The research questions consisted of three parts: "What are the user's design criteria for a functional disc golf bag?", "How to develop an ergonomically functional disc golf bag for running use?", and "Does the developed bag meet the user's preferences and the product's suitability?". The research data was obtained through theme interviews, prototype testing and evaluation, as well as voice messages, which were transcribed according to design criteria. The research progressed iteratively between the researcher and the user. After gathering user data, the researcher analyzed the material, followed by collecting additional user data and analyzing it. Data collection took place progressively, following the research questions, starting in the autumn of 2022, and concluding in the autumn of 2023. Results and Conclusions. As a result of the design-based research, the user evaluated the product to be functional and in line with their desires, needs, and expectations. The user highly valued the product developed in collaboration with the researcher, which supports their hobby. The results indicated that the developed bag is functional, ergonomic, and practical. The user's satisfaction was also reflected in the product's usability and its ability to meet their needs. This reinforced the success of the development research and demonstrated that involving the user in the design and development of the product can be extremely beneficia.

The purpose of this user-centered design-based research was to redesign wedding dress, which was made of recycled bedlinen and use leftover linen fabric to redesign upcycled clothes by participatory designing methods. The study approaches the apparel design challenge with Lamb and Kallal (1992) design framework, which was developed to consider the consumer’s needs. The Functional, Expressive, and Aesthetics (FEA) framework was developed to provide an overall conceptual frame for designing any type of apparel. The study explores Niinimäki and Koskinen (2011) article how an emphatic design approach could improve a sustainable design process. Also, sustainable development, slow fashion, and significance of material choices were important aspects of this study. Previous studies have addressed the impact of apparel design with special needs, but not consider redesigning upcycled clothes with recycled material, which has restrictions of fabric quantity. The research questions were ”which are the users wishes, needs and expectations for wedding dress redesign” and “which are user-based design criteria of functional, expressive and aesthetic needs” and also “does the custom made upcycled clothes meet the design criteria by user-centered experience”. User was interviewed three times. Based on the user data collection qualitative content analysis gathered the essential issues. Themes were to identify user profile and user needs for the upcycled clothes. Participatory design process includes Mattelmäki (2006) design probes, user’s picture collages of her favorite clothes, sketches, and prototypes. Conclusion of the study was how much the user appreciates the co-making process and the opportunity to change people’s values and attitudes towards slow fashion. Also, user’s expectations were fulfilled by upcycled clothes. Custom made clothes suite her well and memories were included by satisfaction. User’s idea of layering clothes offered more variety of using the upcycled linen clothes all year round.

Urban forests have recreational values in daily life of people. Planning the use of urban forest is considered through social, ecological, economical and cultural sustainability goals. Besides a forest plan that focuses on concrete forest use, many Finnish municipalities also have a forest strategy. Forest strategy gives a longer perspective for the goals of the use of the forest. Public participation is used as part of the forest planning in municipalities in varying levels. This master’s thesis focuses on the use of different public participation methods in forest planning in Finnish municipalities. The main focus is to explore what kind of methods/ combinations of methods are used and how the municipalities’ forestry experts view the main benefits, problems and chances of improvement in the used practices. The study is carried out as a qualitative study, interviewing forestry experts from 14 Finnish municipalities and analyzing the interviews using qualitative content analysis. The interviews are targeted to municipalities, that have made a forest plan and used public participation in the planning process. The results show that the participatory processes varied a lot between municipalities and each municipality had made their own way of including participatory methods into the forest planning process. However, the methods used were mostly the same, the most used being different kinds of online surveys and surveys using spatial information, common meetings, and forest walks. Two of the municipalities used participatory planning, that involved stakeholders in the planning group. It’s more conventional to use lighter participatory methods, that don’t require as much involvement from the participants. According to the interviews, the main benefits brought by public participation are trust-building, informing residents and having an insight into the public opinion, along with reaching an approved plan. The main problems considering public participation are limited resources and time for the planning, single strong opinions that dominate the conversation, conflicting interests and skills for executing public participation.The ways to improve public participation process included more thorough planning of the process and sufficient amount of time for it, using participatory experts thorugh a consult firm or from municipality’s own workforce, explaining and visualizing effects of forest use for the public and more active ways to inform the public.

Lasten osallistumiselle yhteiskunnassa on vahva oikeutus, ja sitä kohtaan on osoitettu yhä laajempaa kiinnostusta. Kehitykseen on vaikuttanut Lapsen oikeuksien sopimuksen ratifiointi sekä nykyinen käsitys lapsesta kyvykkäänä osallistumaan. Tämä tutkimus tarkastelee lasten osallistumista fyysisen ympäristön suunnitteluun. Tavoitteena oli selvittää, millaisissa konteksteissa lasten osallistumista suunnitteluun on toteutettu ja miten sen toteuttamista on perusteltu. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin, millaisia vaikutuksia lasten osallistumisella on ollut osallistuvien lasten, suunnittelun prosessin ja sen tulosten sekä laajemmin yhteisön kannalta. Tutkimuksen menetelmänä oli kuvaileva kirjallisuuskatsaus. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostui tutkimusartikkeleista, joista kaksi oli kirjallisuuskatsauksia ja kolme käsitteli yksittäisiä tutkimuksia lasten osallistumisesta ympäristön suunnitteluun. Aineistossa oli mukana tutkimuksia eri puolilta maailmaa. Lasten osallistuminen oli tapahtunut erilaisissa konteksteissa, muun muassa päiväkodissa ja asuinalueella, ja sitä oli tutkimuksissa perusteltu lasten oikeuksien toteuttamisella sekä uusien taitojen oppimisella. Lapsilta saatava paikallinen tieto ja lasten suunnitteluun tuomat näkökulmat oli nähty tärkeinä lapsille sopivien kaupunkiympäristöjen toteuttamisessa. Osassa tutkimuksia pääpaino oli lasten osallistumisen menetelmien tutkimuksessa ja tiedonkeruussa Lasten osallistumisella ympäristön suunnitteluun tunnistettiin olevan vaikutuksia sekä osallistujiin itseensä että ympäristöön. Lapset olivat saaneet tietoa ympäristöstä ja suunnittelun käytännöistä sekä saavuttaneet osallisuuden ja voimaantumisen kokemuksia. Aikuiset osallistujat olivat saaneet lapsilta uutta tietoa ja näkökulmia ympäristön suunnitteluun; lasten osallistumisen nähtiin edistävän paremman kaupunkiympäristön toteuttamista. Lasten osallistuminen ympäristönsä suunnitteluun tukee kasvatuksen tavoitteita yhteiskunnallisen osallistumisen taitojen oppimisesta sekä osallisuuden ja toimijuuden vahvistamisesta. Tutkimuksissa välittyy näkemys lapsesta osaavana, aktiivisena toimijana.

Objectives. The objective of this thesis was to examine a planning project concerning an informal learning environment, undertaken by the Kaisaniemi Botanic Garden, that used participatory methods in involving students and teachers. Through finding a synthesis between this undertaking and previous research on the subject, another objective was to build a model which other informal learning environments could use in carrying out similar projects in an appropriate manner. The thesis approaches institutional cooperation through the concept of boundary crossing, especially as interpreted by Akkerman and Bakker. Methods. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach. The research data was collected through semi-structured interviews, in which the three employees of the garden who were mainly in charge of the project were heard. The data was analysed using the methods of content analysis, and the model was constructed by utilizing the traditions of grounded theory. Results. The project was considered successful, but it’s non-recurrent execution was deemed problematic. The biggest obstacles were the everyday challenges of large institutions – schools and informal learning environments – and their balancing in relation to one another. The participatory design framework created in the study offers informal learning environments a nine-step plan of action, which runs through three phases – preinteraction, interaction and postinteraction – in a circular manner.

Tausta ja tavoitteet. Puhevammaiset henkilöt käyttävät usein kommunikoinnin apuvälineitä arjen kommunikoinnissaan. Nykyiset kommunikoinnin apuvälineet mahdollistavat kommunikoinnin, mutta niiden avulla voi olla haastavaa osallistua arjen vuorovaikutustilanteisiin. Teknologinen kehitys on mahdollistanut uudenlaisten apuvälineteknologioiden kehittämisen. Kehitteillä on esimerkiksi puettavia kommunikoinnin apuvälineitä, niin sanottuja älyvaatteita. Uusien kommunikoinnin apuvälineiden kehittäminen on tarpeen, jotta puhevammaisilla henkilöillä on mahdollisuus kouluttautua, tehdä töitä, muodostaa sosiaalisia suhteita ja osallistua tärkeisiin aktiviteetteihin. Puhevammaisten henkilöiden kommunikointitarpeet ovat viime vuosikymmenten teknologisen kehityksen ja digitalisaation myötä laajentuneet verkkovälitteiseen vuorovaikutukseen. Tämän tutkielman tarkoituksena on lisätä ymmärrystä puhevammaisten nuorten nykyisten kommunikoinnin apuvälineiden käytettävyydestä ja viestintäteknologian käytöstä. Tutkielma avaa myös puhevammaisten nuorten näkemyksiä älyvaatteen käyttömahdollisuuksista kommunikoinnin tukena. Tutkittavat ja menetelmä. Tutkielman aineisto kerättiin järjestämällä ideointityöpaja, johon osallistui kolme puhevammaista nuorta. Ideointityöpaja toteutettiin puolistrukturoituna haastatteluna. Aineisto analysoitiin aineistolähtöisen sisällönanalyysin keinoin, jonka avulla tulokset ryhmiteltiin kolmeen teemaan: kommunikointi nuorten arjessa, nuorten suhde viestintäteknologian käyttöön ja nuorten näkemykset älyvaatteen käyttömahdollisuuksista kommunikoinnin tukena. Tulokset. Ideointityöpajaan osallistuneet puhevammaiset nuoret olivat pääosin tyytyväisiä nykyisiin kommunikoinnin apuvälineisiinsä. Nuorten kokemat rajoitteet apuvälineen käytössä vastasivat aikaisempia tutkimustuloksia aiheesta. Kommunikoinnin apuvälineen käytettävyys erilaisten viestintäsovellusten kanssa, toiminnallisissa harrastuksissa ja vaihtelevissa sääolosuhteissa vaikuttivat heidän osallistumiseensa arjessa. Ideointityöpajaan osallistuneet puhevammaiset nuoret olivat taitavia ja monipuolisia teknologian käyttäjiä. Kiinnostus teknologian mahdollisuuksia ja kehitystä kohtaan vaihteli kuitenkin osallistujien välillä, osallistujista yksi käytti viestintäteknologiaa vähäisemmissä määrin. Teknologian ja viestintäteknologian merkitys näyttäytyi nuorten arjessa erittäin tärkeänä, ja side viestintäteknologiaan arjen mahdollistajana oli voimakas. Älyvaatteen toimintaidea herätti nuorissa jonkin verran varautuneisuutta, nuoret kyseenalaistivat sen tarvetta ja yksi osallistujista ilmaisi huolta esimerkiksi tahattomien liikkeiden aiheuttamista vahinkoviesteistä. Nuoret suhtautuivat toisaalta uteliaasti älyvaatteen käyttömahdollisuuksiin erilaisissa toiminnallisissa harrastuksissa ja mahdollisuuteen ideoida ja olla mukana kehittämässä uusia kommunikoinnin apuvälineitä. Johtopäätökset. Osallistamalla teknisesti taitavia puhevammaisia henkilöitä kommunikoinnin apuvälineiden suunnitteluun on mahdollista kehittää apuvälineitä, jotka tukevat yhä paremmin puhevammaisten henkilöiden moninaisia kommunikointitarpeita. Tulevaisuudessa kommunikoinnin apuvälineiden kehitystyössä tulisi hyödyntää puhevammaisten runsasta kokemustietoa osana moniammatillista kehitystyötä, jotta uudet kehitettävät apuvälineet vastaisivat yhä paremmin puhevammaisten henkilöiden tarpeita, ja jotta apuvälineissä voitaisiin hyödyntää uusimpien teknologioiden mahdollisuuksia ja apuvälineiden hylkäämisaste pienenisi.

This thesis offers views on the resident interests and participation in energy refurbishment processes by qualitatively analysing nine thematic resident interviews. Urban areas and buildings largely contribute to energy consumption and carbon emissions. The ageing building stock across Europe offers a window of opportunity for large scale energy refurbishments. Urban sustainability and participatory planning, the framework theories of this thesis, are both threaded by the lack of social focus, reflected in the lack of residential focus in housing refurbishments. Residents' main interests include economic reasoning, quality of life, and energy and environment. Economic reasoning includes concern of costs, interest in energy bill savings and stable living costs, and property value increase, indicating a rising market demand. Quality of life includes building condition, comfort, visual aspects, ease of maintenance, interest in technology, and preference on either shared or private systems. Environmental motivations vary and seem to correlate with one's faith in the effect of individuals and communities in solving climate issues. Good process practices facilitating trust include: activation of different information channels when refurbishments are approaching, personal and technical planning support, and a strong house strategy communicating residents the justifications and their areas of interest. Neighbourhood examples motivate residents and help them plan their own projects. As refurbishments make residents more proudly develop their houses and neighbourhoods, resident ambassadors can be used to replicate the experiences. Sharing and networking are already in place, but lack of promoting the sense of community may hinder such development. Existing co-planning reflects residents' strong position as stakeholders. Differences in participation power are found between housing cooperative boards and other residents. The boards dominate planning, justifying it with technical expertise and the difficulty of including everyone. This is accepted if an open communication culture is on place, as house meetings offer other residents a place to get informed and participate in decision making. The idea of including residents into planning is emerging. Participation benefits include residents offering good ideas, gaining knowledge, and achieving a stronger sense of community. Information and inclusion make residents more engaged to the development, speeding up decision making. A process model for participatory refurbishments is presented. Apart from the resident drivers active in house and neighbourhood levels, four challenging resident groups are identified: the unsocial, the objectors, the uninformed, and the unheard. Resident segmentation offers a good tool for identifying motivators to engage residents, as well as identify their needs as project participants.