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  • "Äänet alkoivat muistuttaa sävelmiä ja sävelmistä tuli musiikkia" : musiikkiin liittyvät kuvaukset henkilökuvauksen elementtinä Tove Janssonin Muumi-teoksissa 
    Repo, Oskari (2018)
    In this research I analyzed how music is described in Tove Jansson's moomin books. I also analyzed descriptions of music as an element of characterization. Many researches concerning moomin books have been done earlier. Earlier research points out that music has a significant role in the world of moomins and in the life of moomin characters. Analyzing music as an element in characterization was however recent opening to the field of research. I chose four moomin books to be my main material because there were clearly most of descriptions of music in these books. My material were Comet in Moominland, Moominland Midwinter, Tales from Moominvalley and Moominvalley in November. Most of descriptions of music played role in characterizations of Snufkin, Fillyjonk and Too-ticky, so I focused on these characters. I used content analysis based thematic approach as my method when finding answer to the question how music is described in moomin books. With the help of close reading, I tried to find out how characters are constructed with music. In this research it found out that music is described in Tove Jansson's moomin books with songs and lyrics, with descriptions of instruments and with descriptions of tunes and notes. Songs and lyrics constructed character of Too-ticky by telling Too-ticky's accepting attitude towards the uncertainty that exists in the world. Songs and lyrics didn't significantly construct character of Snufkin. There were lots of different instruments in moomin books but the only instrument which constructed characters in a significant way was the mouth-organ. The mouth-organ constructed character of Snufkin by showing his features and emotions. The mouth-organ constructed character of Fillyjonk by acting as the symbol of creativity and balance. In this research also the nature was considered as an instrument. Snufkin heard his longing of freedom and loneliness in the sound of the nature. Tunes and notes told about Snufkin's inner conflict between loneliness and communality. Tunes and notes also described Snufkin's process of composing. That process of composing personificated as a little creature called Teety-woo in The Spring Tune- short story. Tunes and notes constructed character of Fillyjonk in the way that they took her to the new levels of her identity.
  • "Välillä mä kuvittelen tai mietin asioita, mitä ei oikeesti ole olemassa" : Tove Janssonin Kamala tarina ja alakouluikäiset lapset omien pelkojensa sanoittajina 
    Tuovila, Juulia (2018)
    The purpose of this study was firstly to find out what kinds of fears occur in the literature, what kind of characters are very fearful in the literature and how the people in the literature control their fears. Secondly the investigation concerned fears and talking about fears of primary school aged children and the effect of literature when processing fears. Reading fiction can be helpful in processing difficult things and I believe that it can also be helpful for processing fears. Previous studies have shown that among other things, children are afraid of being left alone, death, victimization, darkness and imaginary creatures. When I decided to do research from the literature that I've chosen, the assumption was that these children's most common fears will be found also in the chosen literature and from interview data. This master's thesis was a two-step research. This was a qualitative research and the methods of analysis in use were content analysis and close reading method. In this two-step research I firstly read the literature specifying passages from the text were there was fear, anxiety or controlling fear. The parts that I found in the literature material that concerned fear, I attached to the results of previous studies. In the second phase I interviewed four primary pupils. First I interviewed these children about the fears they experience. Then I read a short story to the interviewees which I had chosen with the help of the first phase of this research. After reading I interviewed the children again. In the material there were a lot of different kinds of fear, whose target variety was versatile. It seemed that the self-image is strongly linked to how fearful the characters were, and also to how strongly and even hysterically characters were afraid. Fears appeared both adult characters and child characters in the material. The characters of the book tried also to control their fears with different means. This study showed that self-image can effect on individuals fearfulness. In addition it became clear that for characters of the novels it was possible to control fears and that the book characters fears had a target. To the interviewees I chose a short story were there were most fears from one's imagination. Fears which are rising from our imagination are very common among children of the age I interviewed in this study. I found out that children have multifarious fears. For example children are afraid of darkness and imaginary creatures. Reading literature to children had a great effect on handling fears in this research. Conceptualisation can be very difficult to primary pupils. For some children conceptualisation of fear was extremely difficult, for some it was partly possible and for some it was easy.

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